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The suprahyoid muscles are a group of four muscles located in the neck, above the hyoid bone. They include the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid muscles. These muscles function to position the hyoid bone and coordinate movements of the mouth floor and hyoid bone during swallowing and vocalization. They receive vascular supply from the branches of the external carotid artery, with contributions from the facial, occipital, and lingual arteries. The suprahyoid muscles are classified based on their position relative to the hyoid bone, with those above it termed suprahyoid and those below it called infrahyoid. This grouping of muscles is essential for stabilizing the trachea and facilitating vital functions such as swallowing and speech.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of suprahyoid muscles | 4 |
| Location | Superior to the hyoid bone |
| Function | Elevate the hyoid bone, depress the mandible, coordinate movements of the floor of the mouth and the hyoid bone during swallowing or vocalization, stabilize the trachea, and play a role in speech |
| Innervation | Branches of the facial artery, occipital artery, and lingual artery |
| Blood supply | Branches of the external carotid artery |
| Types | Digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, and geniohyoid |
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What You'll Learn
The suprahyoid muscles are located above the hyoid bone
The suprahyoid muscles are a group of four muscles located above the hyoid bone in the neck. They include the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid muscles. These muscles work together to position the hyoid bone and coordinate the movements of the mouth floor and hyoid bone during swallowing or vocalization.
The digastric muscle, for example, has two parts: the anterior belly and the posterior belly, which are separated by an intermediate tendon. The anterior belly originates from the digastric fossa of the mandible, while the posterior belly originates from the mastoid notch of the temporal bone. They unite and attach to the hyoid bone, helping to elevate it.
The mylohyoid muscle, on the other hand, runs from the mylohyoid line of the mandible to a median tendon called the mylohyoid raphe. The mylohyoid raphe then inserts into the hyoid bone. The mylohyoid muscle helps elevate the hyoid bone and the floor of the mouth when the mandible is fixed. When the hyoid bone is fixed, the mylohyoid muscle depresses the mandible.
The geniohyoid muscle originates from the inferior mental spine, also known as the inferior genial tubercle, on the internal surface of the mandible. It elevates the hyoid bone and draws it anteriorly. The stylohyoid muscle, a thin muscular strip, is located above the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. It arises from the styloid process of the temporal bone and attaches to the lateral aspect of the hyoid bone, initiating the swallowing action by pulling the hyoid bone posteriorly and superiorly.
Overall, the suprahyoid muscles play a crucial role in elevating the hyoid bone, which is essential for swallowing and speech. They also contribute to the flexion movement of the neck and help stabilize the trachea.
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They are a group of four muscles
The suprahyoid muscles are indeed a group of four muscles located in the neck, superior to the hyoid bone. These four muscles are the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid muscles. Together with the adjacent tissue, they form the floor of the oral cavity.
The digastric muscle is made up of two parts, the anterior and posterior bellies, which are separated by an intermediate tendon. The anterior belly originates from the digastric fossa of the mandible, while the posterior belly originates from the mastoid notch of the temporal bone. The two bellies then join via the intermediate tendon, which runs through the stylohyoid muscle, and insert onto the body of the hyoid bone via a fibrous sling. The anterior belly is innervated by the inferior alveolar nerve, a branch of the mandibular nerve, while the posterior belly is innervated by the digastric branch of the facial nerve.
The mylohyoid muscle runs from the mylohyoid line of the mandible to a median tendon, known as the mylohyoid raphe, where the medial fibers of each mylohyoid muscle unite. The mylohyoid raphe continues its course and inserts onto the body of the hyoid bone. The mylohyoid is supplied by the nerve to mylohyoid from the mandibular nerve. When the mandibular attachment is fixed, the mylohyoid depresses the mandible, and when the hyoid attachment is fixed, it elevates the hyoid bone and the floor of the mouth.
The geniohyoid muscle has its origin on the inferior mental spine, also known as the inferior genial tubercle, at the internal surface of the mandible. Its fibers radiate posteroinferiorly to the body of the hyoid. It is innervated by the anterior ramus of spinal nerve C1 via the hypoglossal nerve. The primary function of the geniohyoid is to elevate the hyoid bone and draw it anteriorly.
The stylohyoid muscle is a thin muscular strip located superiorly to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. It arises from the styloid process of the temporal bone and attaches to the lateral aspect of the hyoid bone. The stylohyoid muscle initiates the swallowing action by pulling the hyoid bone in a posterior and superior direction.
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They include the digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles
The digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, and geniohyoid muscles are all suprahyoid muscles. The suprahyoid muscles are a group of four paired muscles located in the anterior triangle of the neck. They are responsible for various functions, including speaking, swallowing, chewing, and breathing.
The digastric muscle is a complex muscle with two bellies, the anterior belly and the posterior belly, that have different embryological origins and innervations. It divides the anterior triangle of the neck into four smaller triangles and is involved in complex jaw actions.
The mylohyoid muscle, also known as the diaphragma oris, is a paired muscle of the neck that runs from the mandible to the hyoid bone, forming the floor of the oral cavity. It is named for its two attachments near the molar teeth. The mylohyoid muscle elevates the hyoid bone and the tongue, aiding in swallowing and speaking.
The stylohyoid muscle is a slender suprahyoid muscle that originates from the styloid process of the temporal bone and inserts into the hyoid bone. It is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve and acts to draw the hyoid bone upwards and backwards, elongating the floor of the mouth and initiating swallowing.
The geniohyoid muscle is a narrow, paired muscle situated superior to the medial border of the mylohyoid muscle. It runs from the chin to the hyoid bone and is named for this passage. The geniohyoid muscle brings the hyoid bone forward and upwards, dilating the upper airway and assisting respiration.
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They function to position the hyoid bone
The hyoid bone is a small, crescent- or horseshoe-shaped bone located in the front of the neck, between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. It is the only "floating" bone in the human body, as it is not connected to any other bones but is instead anchored by muscles from the anterior, posterior, and inferior directions. These muscles include the suprahyoid muscles, which consist of four muscles on either side of the anterior midline above the level of the hyoid: the digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid.
The suprahyoid muscles function to position the hyoid bone and coordinate its movements during swallowing or vocalization. They attach the hyoid bone to the mandible, tongue, and skull, and their contractions cause posterior-ventral translation of the hyoid and mandible. The digastric muscle, in particular, has two bellies (anterior and posterior) that originate from the digastric fossa of the mandible and the mastoid notch of the temporal bone, respectively. They unite via an intermediate tendon that inserts onto the body of the hyoid bone.
The mylohyoid muscle, another suprahyoid muscle, runs from the mylohyoid line of the mandible to a median tendon called the mylohyoid raphe, where it inserts onto the body of the hyoid bone. When the mandibular attachment is fixed, the mylohyoid elevates the hyoid bone and the floor of the mouth; when the hyoid attachment is fixed, it depresses the mandible. The geniohyoid muscle, which originates from the inferior mental spine on the internal surface of the mandible, also functions to elevate the hyoid bone and draw it anteriorly.
The hyoid bone plays a crucial role in speaking and swallowing, and its positioning is essential for these functions. Conditions and fractures of the hyoid bone are rare due to its protected location, but they can occur due to strangulation, hanging, gunshot wounds, car accidents, or radiation exposure.
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They help with swallowing and speech
The suprahyoid muscles are a group of four muscles located above the hyoid bone in the neck. They include the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid muscles. These muscles help with swallowing and speech by positioning the hyoid bone and coordinating the movements of the floor of the mouth and the hyoid bone during these processes.
The digastric muscle, for example, assists with swallowing, speech, and mastication. It consists of two parts: the anterior belly and the posterior belly, which are separated by an intermediate tendon. The anterior belly originates from the digastric fossa of the mandible, while the posterior belly originates from the mastoid notch of the temporal bone. When the hyoid bone is fixed in place, the digastric muscle causes depression of the mandible; conversely, if the mandible is fixed, it elevates the hyoid bone.
The mylohyoid muscle also plays a role in swallowing and speech. It runs from the mylohyoid line of the mandible to a median tendon, known as the mylohyoid raphe, where the medial fibers of each mylohyoid muscle unite and insert onto the body of the hyoid bone. When the mandibular attachment is fixed, the mylohyoid elevates the hyoid bone and the floor of the mouth; when the hyoid attachment is fixed, it depresses the mandible.
The geniohyoid muscle has its origin on the inferior mental spine (or inferior genial tubercle) at the internal surface of the mandible. Its primary function is to elevate the hyoid bone and draw it forward. When the mandible is fixed, the geniohyoid assists in depressing it. The stylohyoid muscle, on the other hand, is believed to function as a stabilizer, retractor, and elevator of the hyoid bone when contracted.
Overall, the suprahyoid muscles work together to facilitate the complex processes of swallowing and speech. They coordinate the movements of the hyoid bone, the floor of the mouth, and the tongue, ensuring smooth and efficient functions essential for our daily lives.
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Frequently asked questions
The suprahyoid muscles are a group of four muscles located above the hyoid bone in the neck. They include the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid muscles.
The suprahyoid muscles help to elevate the hyoid bone, which is important for swallowing and speech. They also play a role in depressing the mandible, allowing for a wide opening of the mouth.
The suprahyoid muscles are located above the hyoid bone, while the infrahyoid muscles are located below it. The suprahyoid muscles help to elevate the hyoid bone, while the infrahyoid muscles stabilize it by depressing it.
The suprahyoid muscles develop from different embryological origins. The mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric muscles are derived from the first pharyngeal arch, while the posterior belly of the digastric and the stylohyoid muscles are derived from the second pharyngeal arch.
