
Cancer can spread into the bones and muscles and cause pain by damaging the bone tissue. This pain can be acute or chronic. Acute pain is due to damage caused by an injury and usually lasts a short time, whereas chronic pain can be due to changes in the nerves caused by cancer pressing on them or by chemicals produced by a tumour. Bone cancer symptoms vary from person to person, but the first sign is usually pain. Cancerous cells can weaken the bone, sometimes resulting in a fracture. If the tumour is located near a joint, it may cause difficulty in movement. Bone and joint pain are very common in people with breast cancer.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Cancer type | Bone cancer, breast cancer |
| Pain type | Acute, chronic |
| Pain cause | Tumour pressing on nerves, bones or other organs, cancer treatment, injury |
| Pain description | Aching, dull, throbbing, sharp, cramping |
| Pain location | Bones, joints, back, neck, knee, lump in the back of the throat |
| Other symptoms | Swelling, weight loss, fatigue, difficulty swallowing, difficulty moving around |
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What You'll Learn

Tumours pressing on joints
Bone cancer symptoms vary from person to person, but pain is typically the first sign. This pain may be accompanied by unexpected weight loss and fatigue. In some cases, cancerous cells can weaken the bone, leading to fractures, particularly in areas that were previously sore or painful.
Synovial sarcoma is a rare form of cancer that affects soft tissues, including muscles, ligaments, and joints. It gets its name because the cancer cells resemble those in synovial joints, such as elbows, hips, and shoulders. Synovial sarcoma can cause a noticeable lump, pain, or swelling. However, it is important to note that the lump may be painless, and symptoms may be similar to those of less serious conditions like arthritis or bursitis.
Tenosynovial giant cell tumours are another type of tumour that can affect the joints. These tumours are noncancerous but can cause severe damage to the joint, leading to pain and a buildup of fluid. Treatment for these tumours typically involves surgical removal, but recurrences are not uncommon.
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Cancer treatments causing joint pain
Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, and surgery can cause joint pain and stiffness. Chemotherapy drugs can lead to joint pain, also known as arthralgia, and when one is not very active during cancer treatment, the joints can become stiff. Similarly, radiation therapy and certain medications can cause inflammation in the joints.
Cancer survivors are also at risk of long-term effects related to chemotherapy, steroid medications, and hormonal therapy. They may even develop joint pain or thinning of the bones (osteoporosis). To lower the risk of osteoporosis, cancer survivors should avoid tobacco products, consume calcium and vitamin D-rich foods, exercise regularly, and limit alcohol intake.
Orthopedic healthcare providers can help reduce pain and improve mobility during and after cancer treatment. They may recommend medications, physical therapy, or surgical procedures. Pain management specialists, dietitians, and behavioral health professionals are also part of the healthcare team that can support patients with bone and joint issues.
To determine the cause of joint pain, a doctor may recommend several tests, including X-rays, bone scans, MRIs, and blood tests. Over-the-counter or prescription pain medications, hot or cold packs, and low-impact physical activity can help reduce joint pain and stiffness.
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Bone cancer symptoms
While bone cancer symptoms vary from person to person, the first sign is usually pain. This pain typically begins with a feeling of tenderness in the affected bone, which gradually progresses to a persistent ache that can continue at night and when resting. The pain can sometimes be mistaken for arthritis in adults and growing pains in children and teenagers.
Bone cancer can develop in any bone, but it most commonly occurs in the long bones of the legs or upper arms. If the cancer is located near a joint, it can cause swelling that makes it difficult to move the joint, and you may walk with a limp. The cancer can also weaken the bone, making it more susceptible to fractures, even from minor injuries or falls.
Other symptoms of bone cancer include unexpected weight loss, fatigue, and swelling or redness (inflammation) around the affected bone. You may also notice a lump on or around the bone. If the cancer is in the bones of the neck, it can cause swelling that forms a lump or mass in the back of the throat, leading to difficulty swallowing, eating, or breathing.
It is important to see a doctor if you are experiencing any of these symptoms. While bone cancer is rare, early detection can make it easier to treat. Your doctor will examine the affected area and may refer you for further tests, such as X-rays or a biopsy, to confirm the diagnosis and determine the type and grade of bone cancer.
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Metastatic breast cancer
Cancer and its treatment can cause joint and muscle pain. People diagnosed with any stage of breast cancer may experience pain caused by the cancer itself or its treatment. Bone metastases are one of the most common forms of metastatic breast cancer, and they can affect any bone in the body.
In metastatic breast cancer, bone pain can be a side effect of treatment or a sign that the cancer has spread to the bones. The cancerous cells can weaken the bone, making it more likely to fracture. Orthopaedic surgery may be required to treat a fracture or stabilise a weakened bone. Vertebroplasty, a procedure that involves injecting bone cement into the bones to stabilise and strengthen them, may also be used to relieve pain.
Breast cancer treatments can also cause bone and joint pain. Hormonal therapy, for example, is very commonly associated with bone and joint pain. Aromatase inhibitors, in particular, may cause aches or pains in the joints, bones, and muscles, as well as stiffness. Ovarian suppression may have similar side effects for those with a history of arthritis. Growth factors such as filgrastim (Neupogen) and pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) may cause osteonecrosis of the jaw.
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Chronic cancer pain
Cancer and its treatment can cause joint and muscle pain. Bone cancer symptoms vary from person to person, but the first sign is often pain. Cancerous cells can weaken the bone, sometimes resulting in a fracture. If the cancer is close to a joint, it can cause difficulty in movement and walking. Bone and joint pain are common side effects of breast cancer and its treatment. This pain can be severe and ongoing.
Cancer pain can be acute or chronic. Acute pain is due to damage caused by an injury and usually lasts a short time. It can be controlled with painkillers and goes away when the wound heals. Chronic pain, on the other hand, can be due to changes in the nerves caused by cancer pressing on them or chemicals produced by a tumour. It can also be caused by nerve changes due to cancer treatment. This type of pain continues long after the treatment is over and can range from mild to severe. It can be present all the time or come on quickly with certain movements.
It is important to determine the type and cause of the pain. A doctor can evaluate and determine the cause of joint pain through various tests, including x-rays, bone scans, MRIs, and blood tests. Treatment options may include switching to different medications, radiation therapy, or surgery to relieve pain and shrink metastases. Lifestyle changes and certain medicines can also help stop bone loss and keep bones healthy.
In addition to bone cancer, other cancers can spread to the bone and cause pain by damaging bone tissue. This is known as somatic pain and is often described as aching, dull, or throbbing. Soft tissue pain refers to pain from body organs or muscles and is usually sharp, cramping, aching, or throbbing. Phantom pain refers to pain in a body part that has been removed, such as the breast area after a mastectomy.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, cancer can cause joint and muscle pain. Cancer can spread into the bone and cause pain by damaging bone tissue. Bone cancer symptoms vary from person to person, but typically the first sign is pain.
Joint pain related to cancer treatment is also called arthralgia.
Cancer pain can be acute or chronic. Acute pain is due to damage caused by an injury and tends to only last a short time. Chronic pain can be due to changes to the nerves and can continue long after the injury or treatment is over.
Most cancer pain is caused by the tumour pressing on bones, nerves, or other organs in the body.
You should talk to your cancer care team. They will help figure out the cause of your joint or muscle pain and offer possible solutions.











































