
Eye strain, or asthenia, is a common condition that occurs when your eyes become tired, sore, heavy, or achy after focusing intently on a task. This can happen when the muscles around your eyes become fatigued. Eye strain is typically temporary and should go away on its own with rest. However, if eye strain occurs frequently or is severe, it may be a sign of an underlying condition. While eye strain is usually not serious, eye pain can sometimes indicate more severe conditions, such as optic neuritis, Graves' disease, or sinusitis.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Eye strain | Temporary, usually improves with rest |
| Eye strain causes | Prolonged visual tasks, digital device use, reading, writing, driving, insufficient lighting, fatigue, dry eyes, uncorrected vision, refractive errors, muscle imbalance |
| Eye strain treatments | Eye drops, lifestyle changes, lubricating eye drops, adjusting lighting, humidifier, corrective lenses, following the 20-20-20 rule |
| Eye pain causes | Injuries, inflammation, infections, glaucoma, iritis or uveitis, optic neuritis, corneal abrasions, styes, sinusitis, chalazion or hordeolum, conjunctivitis, foreign bodies, refractive errors, migraines, tension headaches |
| Eye pain treatments | Eye drops, shielding eyes, surgery, artificial tears, anti-inflammatory medications, antibiotics, steroids, antiviral medication, warm compresses |
| Eye pain considerations | May indicate underlying health issues, especially if severe, prolonged, or accompanied by other symptoms like nausea, vomiting, headache, vision loss, fever, facial swelling |
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What You'll Learn
- Eye strain, or asthenia, is caused by intensely focusing your eyes
- Digital eye strain is caused by the heavy use of smartphones, tablets, and computers
- Eye pain can be caused by injuries, inflammation, infections, or contact lenses
- Sinus infections can cause pressure and pain around the eyes
- Eye pain can be a symptom of underlying health issues, such as optic neuritis or Graves' disease

Eye strain, or asthenia, is caused by intensely focusing your eyes
Eye strain, or asthenia, is a common condition that occurs when your eyes become tired, sore, heavy, or achy after intensely focusing on a task. This can happen when you engage in activities such as reading, writing, sewing, crafting, or spending long hours in front of digital screens.
Digital eye strain, also known as computer vision syndrome, has become an increasingly common concern due to the heavy use of smartphones, tablets, and other digital devices. The small fonts and blue light from these devices can be particularly hard on the eyes. Additionally, when using digital screens, people tend to blink less, leading to dry eyes, which further contributes to eye strain.
The ciliary muscles in your eyes are responsible for changing the shape of the lens, allowing you to focus on near or far objects. Eye strain occurs when these muscles are overworked due to prolonged periods of intense focus. This can happen during activities such as playing video games, where your eyes move rapidly, exhausting the extraocular muscles that move your eyes from side to side and up and down.
Eye strain can also be caused by factors such as improper lighting, glare from screens, poor contrast between the text and background on screens, and sitting too close to the screen. Additionally, underlying vision problems, such as uncorrected refractive errors or muscle imbalance, can make individuals more susceptible to experiencing eye strain.
While eye strain is usually temporary and improves with rest, it can cause discomfort and affect your ability to perform certain tasks. To alleviate eye strain, simple lifestyle changes can be implemented, such as taking frequent breaks, adjusting lighting and screen settings, using lubricating eye drops, and ensuring adequate sleep and eye hydration.
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Digital eye strain is caused by the heavy use of smartphones, tablets, and computers
Eye strain, or asthenia, occurs when your eyes become tired, sore, heavy, or achy after focusing on a task such as reading or playing video games. It is usually temporary and is not harmful to your eyes or vision. However, if eye strain is severe or long-term, it may be a good idea to consult a healthcare provider to rule out any serious conditions.
Digital eye strain (DES) is a type of eye strain that is caused by the heavy use of smartphones, tablets, computers, and other digital devices. It is a common condition, with a reported prevalence of 5-65% in the pre-COVID-19 era. During the pandemic, the prevalence of DES among children alone rose to 50-60%. This increase is likely due to the rise in digital screen-time as a result of home confinement.
Digital eye strain is characterized by dry eyes, itching, a foreign body sensation, watering, blurring of vision, and headaches. It is caused by the intense focusing of the eyes during prolonged digital screen use. When using digital devices, people tend to blink less, which leads to dry eyes and contributes to eye strain. Additionally, digital devices can cause eye strain due to their glare, poor contrast between the screen and background, improper distance from the screen, and poor lighting.
To alleviate digital eye strain, it is recommended to follow the 20-20-20 rule: take a 20-second break to view something 20 feet away every 20 minutes. Other suggestions include adjusting lighting, using lubricating eye drops, using a humidifier, and quitting smoking.
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Eye pain can be caused by injuries, inflammation, infections, or contact lenses
Eye strain, or asthenia, occurs when the muscles around the eyes become fatigued after focusing on a task, causing the eyes to feel tired, sore, heavy, or achy. This is a common cause of eye pain and can be corrected by resting the eyes. However, eye pain can also be indicative of more serious issues, such as injuries, inflammation, infections, or adverse effects of contact lenses.
Injuries
Everyday activities can lead to accidental eye injuries, which can be very painful and cause temporary or permanent vision loss. Common causes of eye injuries include flying particles, falls, collisions, chemicals, radiation, and foreign bodies in the eye. Sports injuries are also a common cause, especially in contact sports or those involving flying balls.
Inflammation
Uveitis is an inflammation of the eye that can cause eye pain. If diagnosed with uveitis, a GP will refer you to an eye specialist for treatment.
Infections
Eye infections are typically caused by bacteria or fungi and can result in discomfort, redness, itchiness, and pain. The most common eye infection is pink eye (conjunctivitis), which is usually caused by viruses but can also be caused by bacteria. Infections can affect the eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, or external parts of the eye.
Contact Lenses
Contact lenses can cause adverse effects, such as irritation of the outermost layer of the cornea (superficial keratitis), which can result in pain, scratchiness, and a foreign body sensation. Low humidity can also affect contact lens wearers, as it can lead to a drying of the ocular environment, causing discomfort and pain. Additionally, microbial infections of the cornea are a recognized danger of contact lens wear, particularly with hydrogel lenses.
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Sinus infections can cause pressure and pain around the eyes
Eye strain (asthenia) occurs when your eyes become tired, sore, heavy, or achy after focusing on a task like reading, writing, sewing, or crafting for too long. It can also be caused by activities such as driving long distances, especially if there is wind or air blowing directly at your eyes. Eye strain is usually temporary and should improve on its own if the eyes are given a chance to rest.
However, sinus infections can also cause pressure and pain around the eyes. The sinuses are hollow spaces near your eyes and nose that produce mucus, which normally drains out through your nose. When these sinuses become blocked, they fill with fluid, promoting germ growth and the potential development of a viral, bacterial, or fungal infection. The maxillary sinuses, located below the eyes, are the most likely to become infected.
Sinus infections can cause a variety of symptoms, including pain and pressure around the eyes, swollen eyelids, watery eyes, and blurry vision. In rare cases, sinus infections can lead to optic nerve damage, resulting in vision loss. The pain associated with sinus infections can feel like a headache behind the eyes or a throbbing pain around the eyeballs.
If you are experiencing pressure or pain around the eyes, it is important to determine the underlying cause. While eye strain is a common issue that often resolves with rest, sinus infections may require medical attention, especially if they are affecting your vision.
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Eye pain can be a symptom of underlying health issues, such as optic neuritis or Graves' disease
Eye strain, or asthenia, occurs when your eyes become tired, sore, heavy, or achy after focusing on a task like reading or playing video games for too long. This can happen when the muscles around your eyes become fatigued. While eye strain does not permanently harm your eyes or affect your vision, it can be uncomfortable.
However, it is important to note that eye pain can sometimes be a symptom of underlying health issues. Intense or persistent eye pain that occurs alongside other symptoms can indicate a more serious problem. For example, eye pain can be a symptom of optic neuritis, which is caused by swelling and inflammation that damages the optic nerve. Optic neuritis usually affects one eye and can cause pain that is worsened by eye movement, often feeling like a dull ache behind the eye. Other symptoms of optic neuritis include temporary vision loss, side vision loss, and loss of color vision. In some cases, optic neuritis can be the first indication of multiple sclerosis (MS).
Another potential underlying health issue that can cause eye pain is Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid. Graves' disease can cause a variety of eye problems, including bulging eyes, double vision, and eye pain. If left untreated, Graves' disease can lead to serious eye complications, including vision loss.
If you are experiencing eye pain, it is important to consult a healthcare professional, especially if the pain is intense, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms. A healthcare provider can perform a thorough eye examination and ask about your medical history to determine the underlying cause of your eye pain.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, eye muscles can get fatigued and cause your eyes to ache. This is called asthenia or eye strain. It occurs when your eyes have been intensely focusing on a task, like reading or driving long distances.
Symptoms of asthenopia include sore, heavy, or achy eyes. You may also experience dry eyes.
Asthenopia usually goes away on its own and improves with rest. You can also try eye drops or a cool compress. To prevent asthenopia, take regular breaks from tasks that require intense focus and try to get enough sleep.
If your eye pain is severe, long-lasting, or accompanied by other symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or loss of vision, see a doctor as soon as possible. Eye pain can be a sign of an underlying health issue, injury, or infection.



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