Torn Muscles And Surgery: When Is It Necessary?

Muscle tears, also known as strains, are common injuries that can occur when a muscle is strained or overstretched. While most muscle tears can be treated without surgery, in some cases, severe tears may require surgical intervention. The decision to undergo surgery depends on various factors, including the severity of the tear, the location, and the patient's overall health. Seeking prompt medical attention and following the recommended treatment plan is crucial for optimal recovery, regardless of whether surgery is required.

Non-surgical treatments for torn muscles

Most muscle tears do not require surgery and will heal on their own with time and appropriate treatment. Non-surgical treatments for torn muscles include:

Rest and Activity Modification

The first step in treating a torn muscle is to give it enough rest to heal. An orthopaedic surgeon may advise you to avoid activities that aggravate the injury, and you may be encouraged to do gentle range-of-motion exercises to prevent joint stiffness.

Ice and Compression

Applying ice packs and compression to the injured area can help reduce swelling and relieve pain.

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

NSAIDs can be recommended by an orthopedist to help reduce swelling. However, there is no evidence that they improve healing or decrease recovery time.

Rehabilitation

Following non-surgical treatment, a structured rehabilitation program is vital for optimal recovery. A physical therapist will create a customised plan that includes progressive resistance exercises to rebuild muscle strength and endurance, as well as flexibility and range-of-motion exercises to restore joint mobility.

Biphosphonate Therapy

Biphosphonate therapy with oral medication can be prescribed in the acute phase of a muscle tear, with favourable outcomes.

Surgical treatments for torn muscles

Surgical intervention is generally not required for muscle tears, which can often be treated with rest, ice, compression, and elevation (the RICE method). However, in cases of severe tears or when non-surgical methods are ineffective, surgery may be necessary. Here are some surgical treatment options for torn muscles:

Muscle Repair

Muscle repair surgery involves surgically reattaching the torn ends of the muscle to restore its integrity. Surgeons use sutures or anchors to secure the muscle back into its original position. This procedure is typically recommended for severe tears or complete ruptures of a muscle or tendon.

Tendon Transfer

Tendon transfer is performed when the muscle is severely damaged or irreparable. This procedure involves taking a healthy tendon from another part of the body and using it to replace the torn muscle, thereby restoring functionality.

Surgical Options Depending on Tear Location and Extent

The specific surgical procedure will depend on the location and extent of the tear. For example, if the injury is in the lower body, the patient might need to use crutches during recovery to keep weight off the affected muscle.

Rehabilitation

Following surgery, a structured rehabilitation program is vital for optimal recovery. This typically includes gradual strengthening exercises to rebuild muscle strength and endurance and flexibility and range-of-motion exercises to restore flexibility and maintain joint mobility.

Non-Surgical Treatments

It is important to note that non-surgical treatments are typically recommended as the first line of treatment for torn muscles. These include rest, activity modification, ice, and compression. Only in cases where these methods are ineffective or for severe tears do surgeons consider surgical intervention.

Recovery times for torn muscles

Minor muscle tears or strains can often be treated with the R.I.C.E. method (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce swelling. Minor tears typically heal within a few weeks.

Moderate tears may require physical therapy in addition to the R.I.C.E. method and NSAIDs. These tears can take up to three months or longer to heal.

Severe tears, or grade 3 tears, may require surgery to reattach the damaged muscle and tendon. These injuries can take months or longer to heal and usually require a structured rehabilitation program, including strengthening exercises and flexibility and range-of-motion exercises, to restore function and prevent future injuries.

It is important to seek professional help and adhere to the recommended treatment plan to maximize the chances of a successful recovery. Starting rehabilitation as soon as possible is crucial to prevent the tissue from healing weaker, which can increase the risk of re-injury.

Causes of torn muscles

Muscle tears, also known as strains or pulled muscles, are common but painful injuries that can occur in any muscle but are most frequently found in the lower back, neck, shoulder, and hamstring. They are caused by a variety of factors, including:

Fatigue and Exhaustion

Overstretching a fatigued muscle can lead to tears. This is common in rigorous exercises and high-intensity workouts but can also occur during activities like walking, especially in cold weather when muscles are stiffer.

Overuse and Improper Use

Chronic muscle strains result from repetitive movements or improper use of a muscle over an extended period. This can include holding your back or neck in an awkward position for long periods, such as when working at a desk.

Extreme Training and Forced Repetitions

Athletes who push their bodies beyond their limits by engaging in forced reps or extreme training are susceptible to muscle tears. Similarly, individuals who embark on an exercise program without proper preparation or warm-up techniques are at higher risk.

Accidents

Accidents or injuries, particularly those related to one's job, can also cause torn muscles.

Previous Muscle Tears

Muscles that have been torn before are more likely to tear again. The formation of scar tissue where the muscle was previously injured can make it more vulnerable to re-injury.

It is important to note that the causes of torn muscles can vary, and a comprehensive approach involving accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and dedicated rehabilitation is essential for a successful recovery.

Symptoms of torn muscles

A torn muscle, also known as a muscle strain or pulled muscle, is a common but painful injury. It involves a tear in the muscle fibres and can occur when a muscle is strained or overstretched due to overuse, improper use, exhaustion, or fatigue. Torn muscles most frequently occur in the lower back, neck, shoulder, and hamstring.

• Pain: Muscle tears can cause sudden pain that worsens when the muscle is contracted or used.
• Swelling and bruising: Visible bruising and swelling may be present at the site of the injury, especially in more severe cases.
• Loss of strength and range of motion: A torn muscle can affect your muscle strength and range of motion, making it difficult or painful to move the injured area.
• Audible popping or snapping: Some people report hearing a popping or snapping sound during the moment of injury, which is often accompanied by immediate pain.
• Muscle spasms: Torn muscles can trigger involuntary muscle spasms, which may occur shortly after the injury or develop later.

If you suspect a torn muscle, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional, such as an orthopedic surgeon or sports medicine specialist, for a comprehensive physical examination and proper diagnosis. They may use diagnostic tests such as MRI or ultrasound to assess the extent of the injury and determine the best treatment plan.

Frequently asked questions