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The Moderna vaccine is one of the most common vaccines that protect against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. It is highly effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalisation, and death. However, like all vaccines, it can cause side effects. The most common side effects include fatigue, muscle aches, headache, and fever. These reactions are usually mild and typically persist for up to 3 days. More severe reactions may occur after the second dose, and reactions may also be more intense in those who have previously had COVID-19. While most side effects are mild and temporary, some serious side effects have been reported, including myocarditis and pericarditis, which are inflammations of the heart muscle and its outer lining, respectively.
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What You'll Learn
Moderna vaccine side effects
Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine is highly effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalisation, and death. However, like all vaccines, it can cause side effects. These side effects are typically mild and go away on their own within a few days.
The most common side effects include:
- Fatigue
- Muscle aches and pains
- Headache
- Injection site pain, redness, and swelling
- Fever
- Chills
- Joint pain
Most of these side effects occur after the second dose, and they may be more intense in those who have previously had COVID-19. This is because the first dose primes the body to recognise the virus, while the second dose causes an exaggerated response.
In rare cases, the Moderna vaccine has been associated with myocarditis and pericarditis, which are inflammations of the heart muscle and the lining outside the heart, respectively. These side effects typically occur within one week of the second dose and are more common among young males. Most people respond well to medication and rest and recover quickly.
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Moderna vaccine safety
Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine is generally considered safe and effective at protecting individuals from the virus. However, like all vaccines, it can cause side effects, typically mild and lasting a few days. The most common side effects include fatigue, muscle aches, headache, chills, fever, and pain, redness, and swelling at the injection site. These reactions are usually a sign that the body is building immunity.
Most adverse events are mild or moderate, and the vaccine is considered ""generally well tolerated." However, some participants in the company's trial experienced more severe side effects, particularly after the second dose. The one severe side effect reported after the first dose was injection site pain, occurring in 2.7% of participants.
Reports of myocarditis and pericarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle and inflammation of the lining outside the heart, respectively) have been associated with the Moderna vaccine and other mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. These cases typically occur within a week of the second dose and are more common among young males. Most people respond well to medication and rest and recover quickly.
Additionally, older adults tend to report fewer and milder side effects compared to younger individuals. This is because older adults have a less responsive immune system.
While the Moderna vaccine can cause side effects, these are typically temporary and not dangerous. They indicate that the vaccine is working and should not deter people from getting vaccinated, especially considering the benefits of protection against COVID-19.
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Moderna vaccine efficacy
Moderna's mRNA-1010 flu vaccine has demonstrated higher relative vaccine efficacy (rVE) in adults aged 50 and older. The Phase 3 trial enrolled 40,805 adults across 11 countries and showed strong efficacy against each influenza strain included in the vaccine: A/H1N1 (rVE=29.6%), A/H3N2 (rVE=22.2%), and B/Victoria lineages (rVE=29.1%). The vaccine also demonstrated a 26.6% higher relative efficacy compared to a licensed standard-dose flu vaccine, meeting the study protocol's most stringent superiority criterion.
In addition to its strong success in rVE within the overall study population, the mRNA-1010 vaccine candidate demonstrated similar efficacy across each influenza strain contained in the vaccine. It also showed a consistently strong rVE point estimate across age groups, risk factors, and previous influenza vaccination status. An rVE of 27.4% was observed in patients aged 65 years and older. The safety profile of the vaccine was consistent with previous studies, with mostly mild adverse reactions and no significant safety concerns.
Moderna's mRNA-1010 flu vaccine is a significant milestone in reducing the burden of influenza in older adults, a population that is more vulnerable to the disease. The vaccine's strong immunogenicity and efficacy across different strains and age groups highlight the potential of mRNA technology to improve influenza vaccination, especially for those at higher risk.
While Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine has been associated with side effects such as muscle aches, fatigue, and fever, these side effects are typically mild or moderate and are not considered dangerous. These side effects are a result of the immune system's reaction to the vaccine's packaging and are expected with mRNA vaccines. The benefits of the vaccine in preventing COVID-19 are believed to outweigh the potential for mild to moderate side effects.
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Moderna vaccine and myocarditis
Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine has been associated with muscle aches and fatigue as a side effect. However, these side effects are typically mild or moderate and are not considered dangerous. While the exact mechanism is not fully understood, it is suspected that the lipid nanoparticle delivery system of the mRNA vaccine causes reactogenicity, leading to the production of inflammatory mediators in the muscle.
Now, turning to the specific topic of Moderna vaccine and myocarditis, there have been concerns raised about a potential link between the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine and myocarditis, a condition involving inflammation of the heart muscle. Myocarditis is a serious and potentially fatal condition that can lead to cardiac arrest and death.
In November 2023, Moderna halted a clinical trial of its mRNA vaccine for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) due to a suspected case of myocarditis in one of the participants. This incident raised questions about the safety of the mRNA platform used in Moderna's vaccines and the potential risk of myocarditis, particularly in young, healthy males. According to a peer-reviewed study published in Nature Communications, the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine was found to increase the risk of myocarditis in young adults aged 18 to 24 by 44 times compared to unvaccinated control groups.
While the observed risk for myocarditis is higher in teenagers and young people than in older adults, it is important to note that the overall risk of myocarditis after vaccination is still rare. The benefits of vaccination in preventing COVID-19 infection and its potentially severe consequences are generally considered to outweigh the small risk of myocarditis. However, the case of myocarditis in Moderna's EBV vaccine trial underscores the need for further research and transparency in understanding the mechanism behind vaccine-induced myocarditis.
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Moderna vaccine and pericarditis
The Moderna vaccine has been associated with muscle aches and fatigue. However, these side effects are usually mild or moderate and are not considered dangerous. In fact, they indicate that the vaccine is working.
Now, regarding Moderna vaccine and pericarditis, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has identified a rare risk of pericarditis following vaccination with Moderna's COVID-19 Vaccine (also known as Spikevax). Pericarditis is the inflammation of the lining outside the heart. This condition can be associated with chest pain, shortness of breath, and fever.
The FDA has approved updates to the Prescribing Information for Spikevax to include safety information about the risk of pericarditis. The observed risk of pericarditis following vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, such as Moderna, has been highest in males aged 12 to 24. The estimated incidence of pericarditis during the period of 1 to 7 days following vaccination with the 2023-2024 formula of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines was approximately 8 cases per million doses in individuals aged 6 months to 64 years.
It is important to note that the incidence of acute pericarditis following COVID-19 vaccination is extremely low, ranging from 2 to 20 cases per 100,000. In most cases, COVID-19 vaccine-related inflammatory heart conditions are transient and self-limiting. However, patients experiencing acute chest pain, shortness of breath, or palpitations, particularly adolescents and young adults, should be evaluated for myocarditis and pericarditis.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, muscle aches are a common side effect of the Moderna vaccine. Other side effects include fatigue, headache, fever, and chills. These side effects are usually mild and typically last up to 3 days.
The Moderna vaccine is an mRNA vaccine, which means it contains genetic instructions that teach the body to create a piece of the coronavirus (the spike protein). The mRNA is wrapped in a fatty encasement, which can cause an immune response that leads to redness, swelling, and pain at the injection site, as well as muscle aches and other flu-like symptoms.
No, muscle aches after receiving the Moderna vaccine are typically mild and temporary. They are a sign that the vaccine is working and your body is building immunity. However, if you experience severe or prolonged muscle aches, or other serious side effects, you should seek medical attention.
