Athena Vale
Muscles rotate by contracting to produce movement at joints. The terms used to describe these movements assume that the body begins in the anatomical position. Forearm supination and pronation are examples of muscle rotation. Supination is rotating the forearm so the palm is facing forward or up, while pronation is rotating the forearm so the palm is facing backward or down. Pivot joints allow a rotating or twisting motion, like that of the head moving from side to side.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Forearm supination | Rotating the forearm so the palm is facing forward or up |
| Forearm pronation | Rotating the forearm so the palm is facing backward or down |
| Pivot joints | Allow a rotating or twisting motion, like the head moving from side to side |
| Ball-and-socket joints | Allow the greatest freedom of movement |
| Anatomical terms of movement | Used to describe the actions of muscles upon the skeleton |
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What You'll Learn
Forearm supination and pronation
Muscles rotate by contracting to produce movement at joints. Pivot joints allow a rotating or twisting motion, like that of the head moving from side to side.
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Pivot joints
Muscles rotate by contracting to produce movement at joints. Pivot joints allow a rotating or twisting motion, like that of the head moving from side to side. The terms used to describe these movements assume that the body begins in the anatomical position. Forearm supination and pronation are examples of this: supination is rotating the forearm so the palm is facing forward or up, while pronation is rotating the forearm so the palm is facing backward or down. Elevation and depression are up-and-down movements, such as chewing or shrugging your shoulders.
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Ball-and-socket joints
Muscles contract to produce movement at joints. Ball-and-socket joints allow the greatest freedom of movement.
The shoulder and hip joints are examples of ball-and-socket joints. The shoulder joint is formed by the rounded head of the humerus (upper arm bone) fitting into the glenoid cavity of the scapula (shoulder blade). The hip joint is formed by the rounded head of the femur (thigh bone) fitting into the acetabulum of the pelvis.
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Abduction and adduction
Muscles rotate by contracting to produce movement at joints. Pivot joints allow a rotating or twisting motion, like that of the head moving from side to side.
Other examples of rotational movements include forearm supination and pronation. Pronation is the rotation of the forearm so the palm is facing backward or down, while supination is the rotation of the forearm so the palm is facing forward or up. Elevation and depression are up-and-down movements, such as chewing or shrugging the shoulders.
Anatomical terms of movement are used to precisely describe the actions of muscles upon the skeleton. Most movements have an opposite movement, also known as an antagonistic movement. For example, flexion and extension refer to increasing and decreasing the angle between two body parts.
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Medial and lateral rotation
Muscles rotate when they contract to produce movement at joints. Pivot joints allow a rotating or twisting motion, like that of the head moving from side to side.
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Frequently asked questions
Muscles contract to produce movement at joints.
Anatomical terms of movement are used to describe the actions of muscles upon the skeleton.
Forearm supination and pronation. Supination is rotating the forearm so the palm is facing forward or up. Pronation is rotating the forearm so the palm is facing backward or down.
Pivot joints allow a rotating or twisting motion, like that of the head moving from side to side. Ball-and-socket joints allow the greatest freedom of movement.
