Maximus Gage
Muscle fibres can be damaged in a variety of ways, from mild sprains and bruises to more serious tears and breaks. When muscle tissue is placed under stress, such as during resistance exercises or when a skeletal muscle is not adequately conditioned, it can result in micro-tears in the muscle fibres. This can cause an influx of Ca++ which, if not adequately handled by ATPase pumps, can lead to 'irreversible' injury. The body responds to this damage by repairing the muscle fibres and making them larger, increasing the mass and size of the muscles.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Muscle hypertrophy occurs when | The fibres of the muscles sustain damage or injury |
| Micro-tears in the muscle fibres can be caused by | Resistance exercises such as weight training |
| Exercise for which a skeletal muscle is not adequately conditioned can result in | Focal sites of injury distributed within and among the fibres |
| Exercise with eccentric contractions is | Particularly damaging |
| Breaks in the sarcolemma can cause injury if | The entering Ca++ is not adequately handled by ATPase pumps |
| Mild sprains and bruises (grade I) are injuries affecting | Only some of the muscle fibres, with slight edema and discomfort, accompanied by little or no loss of strength or limitation of movements |
| Moderate sprains and bruises (grade II) cause | Greater damage to the muscle, with evident loss of function (ability to contract) |
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What You'll Learn
- Resistance exercises, such as weight training, cause micro-tears in muscle fibres
- Lifting weights breaks down muscle proteins
- Exercise with eccentric contractions is particularly damaging to muscle fibres
- Muscle injuries are filled with a hematoma, which is invaded by inflammatory cells
- Sprains and bruises are injuries that affect some or all of the muscle fibres
Resistance exercises, such as weight training, cause micro-tears in muscle fibres
The process of repairing the micro-tears involves making new muscle protein to repair the damage. This is because lifting weights causes damage to muscles that breaks down the proteins. The body responds by making new muscle protein to repair the damage.
Exercise for which a skeletal muscle is not adequately conditioned can also result in focal sites of injury distributed within and among the fibres. Exercise with eccentric contractions is particularly damaging.
Mild sprains and bruises are injuries that affect only some of the muscle fibres, with slight edema and discomfort. There is little or no loss of strength or limitation of movement. Moderate sprains and bruises cause greater damage to the muscle, with an evident loss of function (ability to contract).
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Lifting weights breaks down muscle proteins
Lifting weights causes damage to your muscles that breaks down muscle proteins. When you take part in resistance exercises such as weight training, your muscle tissue is placed under stress. This causes micro-tears in the muscle fibres. The body responds by repairing the muscle fibres and making them larger.
The injury process can be hypothesised to occur in several stages. Immediately after the muscle injury, the gap formed by the tear in the muscle fibres is filled by a hematoma. Within the first day, inflammatory cells (including phagocytes) invade the hematoma and start to organise the coagulum. The fibrin derived from blood and the fibronectin intercalate to form granulation tissue, which constitutes an initial frame for anchoring recruited fibroblasts to the site. This newly formed tissue provides the property of initial tension to resist the contractions that are applied against it. Around 10 days after the traumatic event, the maturation of the scar reaches a point at which it is no longer the most fragile part of the muscle injury.
Mild sprains and bruises (grade I) are injuries affecting only some of the muscle fibres, with slight edema and discomfort, accompanied by little or no loss of strength or limitation of movements. Moderate sprains and bruises (grade II) cause greater damage to the muscle, with evident loss of function (ability to contract). It is possible to palpate a small muscle defect or gap at the injury site, and a slight local hematoma is formed with possible ecchymosis, within two to three days.
If the breaks in the sarcolemma are relatively minor, the entering Ca++ may be adequately handled by ATPase pumps that sequester and extrude Ca++ from the cytoplasm ('reversible' injury). However, if the Ca++ influx overwhelms the Ca++ pumps and free cytosolic Ca++ concentration rises, the injury becomes 'irreversible'. Elevations in intracellular Ca++ levels activate a number of Ca(++)-dependent proteolytic and phospholipolytic pathways that are indigenous to the muscle fibres, which respectively degrade structural and contractile proteins and membrane phospholipids.
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Exercise with eccentric contractions is particularly damaging to muscle fibres
Lifting weights causes damage to your muscles that breaks down the proteins; to combat this, your body makes new muscle protein to repair the damage. This is known as muscle hypertrophy, which occurs when the fibres of the muscles sustain damage or injury. The body repairs damaged fibres by fusing them, which increases the mass and size of the muscles.
If the breaks in the sarcolemma are relatively minor, the entering Ca++ may be adequately handled by ATPase pumps that sequester and extrude Ca++ from the cytoplasm ('reversible' injury). However, if the Ca++ influx overwhelms the Ca++ pumps and free cytosolic Ca++ concentration rises, the injury becomes 'irreversible'. Elevations in intracellular Ca++ levels activate a number of Ca(++)-dependent proteolytic and phospholipolytic pathways that are indigenous to the muscle fibres, which respectively degrade structural and contractile proteins and membrane phospholipids.
Immediately after the muscle injury, the gap formed by the tear in the muscle fibres is filled by a hematoma. Within the first day, inflammatory cells (including phagocytes) invade the hematoma and start to organise the coagulum. The fibrin derived from blood and the fibronectin intercalate to form granulation tissue, which constitutes an initial frame for anchoring recruited fibroblasts to the site. Most importantly, this newly formed tissue provides the property of initial tension to resist the contractions that are applied against it.
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Muscle injuries are filled with a hematoma, which is invaded by inflammatory cells
The gap formed by the tear in the muscle fibres is filled by a hematoma. Within the first day, inflammatory cells (including phagocytes) invade the hematoma and start to organise the coagulum. The fibrin derived from blood and the fibronectin intercalate to form granulation tissue, which constitutes an initial frame for anchoring recruited fibroblasts to the site. This newly formed tissue provides the property of initial tension to resist the contractions that are applied against it.
Mild sprains and bruises (grade I) are injuries affecting only some of the muscle fibres, with slight edema and discomfort, accompanied by little or no loss of strength or limitation of movements. Moderate sprains and bruises (grade II) cause greater damage to the muscle, with evident loss of function (ability to contract). It is possible to palpate a small muscle defect or gap at the injury site, and a slight local hematoma is formed with possible ecchymosis, within two to three days.
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Sprains and bruises are injuries that affect some or all of the muscle fibres
Muscle hypertrophy occurs when the fibres of the muscles sustain damage or injury. The body repairs damaged fibres by fusing them, which increases the mass and size of the muscles. When a person takes part in resistance exercises such as weight training, their muscle tissue is placed under stress. This causes micro-tears in the muscle fibres. The body responds by repairing the muscle fibres and making them larger. Lifting weights causes damage to your muscles that breaks down the proteins; to combat this, your body makes new muscle protein to repair the damage.
Exercise for which a skeletal muscle is not adequately conditioned results in focal sites of injury distributed within and among the fibres. Exercise with eccentric contractions is particularly damaging. Immediately after the muscle injury, the gap formed by the tear in the muscle fibres is filled by a hematoma. Within the first day, inflammatory cells (including phagocytes) invade the hematoma and start to organise the coagulum. The fibrin derived from blood and the fibronectin intercalate to form granulation tissue, which constitutes an initial frame for anchoring recruited fibroblasts to the site. Most importantly, this newly formed tissue provides the property of initial tension to resist the contractions that are applied against it. Around 10 days after the traumatic event, the maturation of the scar reaches a point at which it is no longer the most fragile part of the muscle injury.
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Frequently asked questions
Muscle fibres can be damaged by exercise for which a skeletal muscle is not adequately conditioned, such as resistance exercises like weight training. This causes micro-tears in the muscle fibres.
The gap formed by the tear in the muscle fibres is filled by a hematoma. Within the first day, inflammatory cells (including phagocytes) invade the hematoma and start to organise the coagulum.
The body repairs damaged fibres by fusing them, which increases the mass and size of the muscles. This is called muscle hypertrophy.
