
Mussels are a cheap, quick, and sustainable ingredient that can be cooked in a variety of ways. Before cooking, mussels should be cleaned and stored properly. They should be scrubbed under cold running water and any barnacles should be removed. The mussels should then be stored in a colander in the fridge. When cooking mussels, there are several methods you can use, including boiling them in beer, cider, or wine, or steaming them in a broth made with white wine and garlic. The basic method of cooking mussels involves adding them to a pot with butter, shallots, and garlic, before covering the pot and letting them cook for a few minutes.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Cleaning mussels | Use a stiff brush or scrub mussels under cold running water to remove anything stuck to the shell. |
| Storing mussels | Store mussels in a colander in the fridge over a container to catch any leaks. Do not store mussels in plastic or soak them in water. |
| Buying mussels | Mussels should be alive, smell like the sea, and have closed shells. Avoid mussels that are light, hollow-feeling, or have cracked shells. |
| Cooking mussels | Rinse and add to a pot with liquid, wine, and/or broth. Cover and boil for 3-7 minutes, stirring occasionally. Remove mussels when shells open; discard mussels that remain closed. |
| Serving mussels | Serve mussels with crusty bread to soak up the broth. |
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What You'll Learn

Cleaning mussels
Selecting and Storing Mussels:
Start by selecting mussels that are alive. Live mussels should feel heavy and have closed shells. Tap on the shell, and if the mussel is alive, it will close up. Dead mussels should be discarded. Fresh mussels should smell like the sea—salty and slightly fishy, but not foul. Farm-raised mussels tend to be cleaner than wild mussels, so you might opt for those.
When storing mussels, keep them in a colander in the fridge. Place the colander over a container to catch any liquid that may leak out, and then throw that liquid away. Do not store mussels in plastic or soak them in water.
When you're ready to cook, start by removing the mussels from any dirty water and transferring them to a clean bowl of cold water. This will help dislodge any sand that may be present. Use a stiff brush or scrubber to remove any debris, barnacles, or seaweed attached to the shells. Rinse the mussels under cool running water to wash away any remaining dirt or scrapings.
Some mussels may have a "beard" protruding near the hinge of the shell. This fibrous thread, also known as a byssal or byssus, is not harmful to eat but can be tough. You can remove it by pinching the byssal with your thumb and forefinger and pulling it towards the tip of the mussel. If you're squeamish about using your fingers, try using tweezers or pliers.
Finally, dry the mussels with a towel before proceeding with your recipe.
By following these steps, you'll ensure your mussels are clean and ready for boiling, allowing you to create a delicious and elegant dish.
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Choosing the right mussels
First, always buy your mussels fresh. Frozen mussels tend to have a mealy texture, so it's best to avoid them if possible. When purchasing fresh mussels, look for those with closed or mostly closed shells. If a mussel's shell is slightly open, you can perform a "tap test" by gently tapping on the shell. If the mussel is alive and fresh, it will respond to the stimulus and close its shell. Fresh mussels will also have a moist appearance and a shiny complexion.
Additionally, pay attention to the size of the mussels. Aim for consistency in size, as undersized or oversized mussels may not cook evenly or provide the best texture. Check for any cracked shells and avoid those, as they could be a sign of damage or aging.
Before cooking, it's crucial to clean and prepare the mussels properly. Use a stiff brush to scrub the shells under cold running water, removing any debris or barnacles. If the mussels have beards (strings coming out of the shell), grasp them and pull them out before cooking. Keep the mussels refrigerated until you are ready to cook them, and always cook them the same day you buy them for optimal freshness.
Lastly, when storing mussels, do not soak them in water or cover them with plastic. Instead, place them in a colander over a container in the refrigerator. This allows them to breathe and prevents them from suffocating in their released liquid.
By following these tips, you can be sure to choose the right mussels for boiling and create a delicious and safe dish.
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Storing mussels
When storing mussels in the fridge, place them in a colander over a lipped plate, and cover them with a damp cloth or paper towel. Change the cloth or paper towel daily, and be sure to drain any water that collects in the plate or container. Some sources suggest covering the mussels with ice and replenishing this daily, as well as storing them in a bowl covered with a damp cloth rather than submerged in water, which can damage them.
If you are not planning to cook your mussels within 2 days of purchasing them, it might be better to freeze them. To do this, place the mussels in a heavy-duty freezer bag or a freezer-friendly container, removing as much air as possible before sealing. Mark the date on the bag or container with a permanent marker, so you know how long they have been frozen. Frozen mussels will last for up to 3-4 months, but the quality will decline over time, with a sharp decline after 3 months. When you are ready to eat them, thaw them overnight in the refrigerator or in a bowl of cold water for about an hour, and eat within 2 days of thawing.
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Preparing the sauce
Start by sautéing the aromatics (shallots, garlic, and onion) in butter or olive oil to create a flavour base. Next, add white wine and bring the pot to a boil. You can also add tomatoes at this stage for colour, texture, and flavour.
Once the sauce is boiling, add the mussels and stir. Cover the pot and let the mussels cook for 3-5 minutes. Remove any mussels that have opened wide and place them in a serving dish. Discard any mussels that remain closed after 6 minutes.
Finally, remove the pot from the heat and stir in the heavy cream, fresh cracked pepper, and additional parsley if desired. Taste the sauce and adjust the seasoning as needed. You can also add a squeeze of lemon juice to brighten the flavours. Serve immediately with crusty bread to mop up the delicious sauce!
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Cooking the mussels
Cooking mussels is a quick and easy process. Here is a step-by-step guide:
Selecting and Storing Mussels:
Firstly, select fresh, live mussels. Live mussels should feel heavy and have closed shells. If their shells are open, they should close when tapped or squeezed. They should also smell like the sea—salty and slightly fishy. If you are buying a large batch, avoid purchasing if many are open as they are likely old, weak, or dead/dying.
Cleaning Mussels:
Before cooking, clean the mussels under cold running water, using a stiff brush or scrubber to remove any dirt or barnacles. If there is a lot of debris stuck to the shell, use a paring knife to scrape it off. The 'beard'—the stringy fibres attached to the shell—can be removed by pinching and tugging, but this is not essential as not all mussels have beards.
Preparing the Sauce:
While the mussels are kept aside in the fridge, prepare your sauce. A classic combination is white wine, shallots, and garlic, with butter and cream added for a more luxurious flavour. You can also add parsley, lemon juice, and pepper to taste. For a heartier dish, cook some bacon until crispy, then add onion and pour in beer to boil.
Boiling the Mussels:
Place the mussels in a pot with a tight-fitting lid. Add your sauce and stir. Cover the pot and boil/steam the mussels for around 3-5 minutes, shaking the pan occasionally. The mussels are cooked when their shells have opened—remove any mussels that remain closed. Finally, serve the mussels with some fresh crusty bread to soak up the delicious broth!
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Frequently asked questions
Mussels should be alive when you buy them and their shells should be closed. If they are slightly open, tap them or squeeze them gently, and if they close, they are still alive and good to eat. Dead mussels will not close their shells when tapped or squeezed. They should also smell like the sea—salty and slightly fishy—and not foul.
Use a stiff brush or scrubber to remove any barnacles or debris stuck to the shell. Rinse the mussels under cool or cold running water to get all the scrapings off. If the mussels have a beard (fibrous strings coming out of the shell), remove it by holding the mussel in one hand and pulling the beard out with the other hand.
First, prepare a sauce or broth by cooking aromatics like shallots, garlic, and bacon in butter. Then, add liquid—this could be wine, cider, beer, or broth—and bring to a boil. Add the mussels, cover the pot, and cook for 3-5 minutes. Mussels are done when they open their shells; discard any mussels that remain closed. Finish by stirring in cream, butter, and/or herbs like parsley, and serve with crusty bread.











































