Maximus Gage
Several muscles are attached to the cervical vertebra C6, which is located in the lower cervical spine, just above the C7 vertebra. The C6 vertebra plays a crucial role in supporting and protecting the tissues of the neck. The cervical spinal nerve C6 controls the extensor muscles of the wrist and is involved in controlling the biceps and supinator muscles of the upper arm. The trapezius muscle of the back originates from the spinous process of the C6 vertebra. The longissimus cervicis muscle originates from the transverse processes of the upper five thoracic vertebrae and inserts into the transverse processes of C2 through C6. The scalenus anterior muscle, which is attached to the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C3 through C6, is responsible for flexing, laterally flexing, and rotating the neck.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Cervical spinal nerve | C6 is a spinal nerve of the cervical segment |
| C6 nerve root | Shares a common branch with C5 |
| C6 nerve function | Innervates muscles of the rotator cuff and distal arm, including the wrist extensor, biceps, and supinator muscles |
| C6 dermatome | Area of skin that receives sensations through the C6 nerve, including the skin over the thumb side of the forearm and hand |
| C6 myotome | Group of muscles controlled by the C6 nerve |
| Vertebral arch | Bony ring extending laterally and posteriorly from the centrum, providing attachment points for neck muscles |
| Vertebral foramina | Small holes in the vertebrae through which vertebral arteries, veins, and nervous tissue pass |
| C5-C6 spinal motion segment | Provides flexibility and support to the neck and head |
| Muscles attaching to C6 | Rotatores, longissimus, trapezius, multifidus, scalenus anterior, longissimus cervicis, longus capitis, longus colli |
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What You'll Learn
The trapezius muscle
The descending (upper) part of the muscle is supplied by transverse muscular branches arising from the occipital artery (a branch of the external carotid), which passes along the deep surface of the muscle. The transverse (middle) part of the muscle is supplied by the superficial cervical artery or a branch from the transverse cervical artery. The ascending (lower) part is supplied by muscular branches of the dorsal scapular artery, which arises from the subclavian artery.
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Rotatores muscles
The rotatores muscles are a set of short muscles located laterally along the vertebral column. They are the deepest muscles in the transversospinalis group, which is a deep layer of intrinsic back muscles. The rotatores muscles lie between the transverse and spinous processes and are grouped by the length of the fascicles and the region covered. They can be divided regionally into rotatores colli/cervicis, rotatores thoracis, and rotatores lumborum. The rotatores thoracis are the most developed and are, therefore, the most commonly described region.
The rotatores muscles have a role in powering all limb movements. They are also involved in protecting the spinal cord, which runs through the centre of the entire spine. The spinal cord sends and receives messages from the brain, controlling all aspects of the body's functions.
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Wrist extensor muscles
The wrist extensor muscles are a significant component of the posterior forearm musculature. They are also known as the extrinsic extensor muscles of the hand. These muscles are located in the back of the forearm and have long tendons connecting them to bones in the hand, where they exert their action. They extend or open flat the joints in the hand.
The muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm are commonly known as the extensor muscles. The general function of these muscles is to produce extension at the wrist and fingers. They are all innervated by the radial nerve. The muscles in this compartment are organised into two layers: deep and superficial. These two layers are separated by a layer of fascia. The superficial layer of the posterior forearm contains seven muscles. Four of these muscles—extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, and extensor digiti minimi—share a common tendinous origin at the lateral epicondyle. The extensor carpi radialis muscles are situated on the lateral aspect of the posterior forearm. Due to their position, they are able to produce abduction as well as extension at the wrist.
The supinator muscle, abductor pollicis longus muscle, extensor pollicis brevis muscle, extensor pollicis longus muscle, and extensor indicis muscle comprise this deep compartment. The extensor pollicis longus muscle has a larger muscle belly than the EPB. Its tendon travels medially to the dorsal tubercle at the wrist, using the tubercle as a ‘pulley’ to increase the force exerted. The extensor pollicis longus forms the ulnar (medial) border of the anatomical snuff box in the hand. Thumb extension is carried out by the abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and extensor pollicis longus. When referencing the dorsal aspect of the wrist, the EPB and EPL tendons create the medial and lateral borders of the anatomic snuff box, respectively.
The cervical spinal nerve 6 (C6) is a spinal nerve of the cervical segment. It originates from the spinal column above the cervical vertebra 6 (C6). The C6 nerve root shares a common branch from C5 and has a role in innervating many muscles of the rotator cuff and distal arm. Several muscle groups attach to the C6 vertebra to move and support the neck. The trapezius muscle of the back has one of its origins on the spinous process of the C6 vertebra.
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Biceps and supinator muscles
The C6 vertebra plays a vital role in supporting and protecting the tissues of the neck. Several muscle groups attach to the C6 vertebra to move and support the neck. The C6 nerve root shares a common branch with C5 and is involved in innervating many muscles of the rotator cuff and distal arm.
The supinator muscle is a spiral muscle contained in the posterior compartment of the forearm. It curls around the proximal part of the radius, connecting it with the ulna. This interesting anatomy enables the supinator muscle to rotate the radius laterally, producing a movement known as forearm supination. Its famous antagonist is the pronator quadratus muscle, which produces the opposite movement of pronation. The supinator muscle suffices on its own when producing a slow and unopposed supination movement. However, for a quick, strong, and forceful supination movement, the supinator muscle is assisted by the biceps brachii muscle.
The biceps brachii is a powerful supinator when the limb is pronated. It is also involved in elbow flexion, along with the brachialis and brachioradialis muscles. The biceps brachii is a large muscle that makes up part of the front of the upper arm and runs between the scapula and the forearm. It has two heads, a long head, and a short head, which originate on the scapula and join in the middle of the upper arm to form a single muscle.
The biceps and supinator muscles work together to produce supination, with the biceps providing a strong supination moment due to its attachment to the ulna. The supinator muscle is found deep in the forearm, forming the floor of the cubital fossa along with the brachialis muscle. It consists of superficial and deep layers, which differ in their mode of attachment. The superficial layer arises by tendinous fibres, while the deep layer originates with already formed muscular slips. Both layers originate from the same landmarks, including several osteofibrous structures of the elbow.
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Longus capitis muscle
The longus capitis muscle is a prevertebral muscle of the neck that is innervated by muscular branches of the cervical plexus. It is an anterior vertebral muscle that originates from four slender tendons, in line with those of the anterior scalene muscle, from the anterior tubercles of C3 to C6. The longus capitis muscle acts to laterally flex and rotate the head. Its unilateral action serves to rotate and tilt the cervical vertebrae and head to the ipsilateral side.
The longus capitis muscle works synergistically with the longus colli and scalene muscles as a weak flexor of the head and cervical spine. The action of the muscle is assisted by gravity and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The sternocleidomastoid muscles, one on each side of the neck, allow the head to rotate side-to-side and tilt the chin upward.
The longus capitis muscle receives its blood supply from muscular branches of the ascending cervical artery and the inferior thyroid artery. It is innervated by anterior rami of the C1 to C3 spinal nerves from the cervical plexus.
The cervical spine, commonly referred to as the neck, is the first seven stacked vertebral bones of the spine. The cervical spinal nerve 6 (C6) is a spinal nerve of the cervical segment that originates from the spinal column above the cervical vertebra 6 (C6). C6 has a role in innervating many muscles of the rotator cuff and distal arm. Several muscle groups attach to the C6 vertebra to move and support the neck.
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Frequently asked questions
The rotatores muscles, the longissimus muscle, and the scalenus anterior muscle attach to the transverse process of C6.
The C6 nerve controls the extensor muscles of the wrist, the biceps, the supinator muscles of the upper arm, and the muscles of the rotator cuff.
The C6 vertebra provides flexibility and support to the neck and head. It also plays a vital role in protecting the spinal cord and vertebral arteries.
