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The clavicle, also known as the collar bone, is a long, slender S-shaped or sigmoid-shaped bone that sits between the shoulder blade and the sternum. There are two clavicles in the human body, one on the right and one on the left. The bone is supplied by the suprascapular, thoracoacromial, and internal thoracic arteries and is innervated by the subclavian, lateral pectoral, and supraclavicular nerves. There are several muscles attached to the clavicle, including the trapezius, deltoid, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major, subclavius, and sternohyoid muscles. While these muscles are attached to the clavicle, they do not directly elevate the bone. Instead, they work together to provide stability, mobility, and protection to the shoulder girdle. The levator scapulae, along with the rhomboid major and minor muscles, are responsible for elevating the scapula, which is the bone that connects to the clavicle.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of clavicles in a person | 2 |
| Clavicle shape | Sigmoid or S-shaped |
| Clavicle length | Approximately 6 inches (15 cm) |
| Clavicle function | Acts as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum (breastbone) |
| Clavicle articulation | Acromioclavicular joint and sternoclavicular joint |
| Clavicle ligaments | Costoclavicular ligament, conoid ligament, trapezoid ligament |
| Clavicle arteries | Suprascapular, thoracoacromial, internal thoracic |
| Clavicle nerves | Subclavian, lateral pectoral, supraclavicular, medial supraclavicular, subclavius |
| Number of muscles attached to the clavicle | 5 or 6 |
| Muscles attached to the lateral third of the clavicle | Trapezius, deltoid |
| Muscles attached to the medial third of the clavicle | Sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major, subclavius, sternohyoid |
| Muscle that depresses the clavicle | Subclavius |
| Muscle that elevates the scapula | Levator scapulae |
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What You'll Learn
- The trapezius muscle is attached to the posterior surface of the lateral third of the clavicle
- The deltoid muscle is attached to the anterior surface of the lateral third of the clavicle
- The sternocleidomastoid muscle is attached to the superior surface of the medial third of the clavicle
- The pectoralis major muscle is attached to the anterior surface of the medial third of the clavicle
- The subclavius muscle is attached to a groove in the middle of the clavicle's inferior surface
The trapezius muscle is attached to the posterior surface of the lateral third of the clavicle
The clavicle, or collarbone, is a long bone that sits horizontally across the front part of the shoulder. It connects the shoulder blade to the sternum. There are two clavicles in the human body, one on the right and one on the left. The lateral third of the clavicle is the broad, flat acromial end, and the medial two-thirds is the round pyramidal-like sternal end.
The trapezius muscle is a large, superficial back muscle that resembles a trapezoid. It is one of six muscles attached to the clavicle, and it is connected to the posterior surface of the lateral third of the clavicle. The trapezius has three sections: upper, middle, and lower. The upper fibres attach to the skull and neck, and the lower fibres attach to the remaining thoracic vertebrae. The middle fibres originate from the spinous processes of T1-T4 vertebrae and their intervening supraspinous ligaments. These fibres run horizontally and laterally towards the shoulder. The trapezius muscle is the only muscle of the upper limb that does not receive its innervation from the brachial plexus. Instead, it is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) and the anterior rami of the C3 and C4 spinal nerves.
The trapezius muscle has several functions. It stabilises and moves the scapula, with the upper fibres elevating and rotating the scapula, the middle fibres retracting the scapula, and the lower fibres depressing the scapula. The trapezius also assists in abduction of the shoulder above 90 degrees by rotating the glenoid upward. In addition, the trapezius helps to maintain the level of the shoulders against gravity, such as when carrying a weight in the hand.
Other muscles attached to the clavicle include the deltoid, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major, subclavius, and sternohyoid muscles. The subclavius muscle, in particular, depresses the clavicle, draws the shoulder forward and downward, and steadies the clavicle during movements of the shoulder girdle.
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The deltoid muscle is attached to the anterior surface of the lateral third of the clavicle
The clavicle, or collarbone, is a long, sigmoid-shaped bone that makes up the front part of the shoulder. It is the only long bone in the body that lies horizontally, with two planar diarthrosis articulations, also known as 'double plane joints'. The clavicle plays an essential role in functional movement, serving as the connection between the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle.
The deltoid muscle is a large, thick, triangular shoulder muscle that forms the shoulder's rounded contour. Its name comes from its shape, which resembles the inverted Greek letter delta (Δ). The deltoid has a wide origin, spanning the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula. It passes inferiorly, surrounding the glenohumeral joint on all sides, and inserts onto the humerus.
The deltoid has three functionally and anatomically distinct parts: the clavicular (anterior), acromial (middle), and scapular spinal (posterior). The clavicular part of the deltoid originates from the superior surface and the anterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle. This part of the deltoid is attached to the anterior surface of the lateral third of the clavicle.
The acromial part of the deltoid arises from the lateral margin and superior surface of the acromion of the scapula. This middle part of the deltoid abducts the arm. The scapular spinal part of the deltoid originates from the lateral third of the spine of the scapula, on the crest. The posterior fibres of the deltoid act with the latissimus dorsi to produce extension of the arm during ambulation.
The deltoid overlies several other muscular structures, including the rotator cuff muscles, the pectoralis major, and the tendon of pectoralis minor. It also covers the coracoacromial ligament, subacromial bursa, and bony structures such as the coracoid process and proximal humerus.
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The sternocleidomastoid muscle is attached to the superior surface of the medial third of the clavicle
The clavicle, or collar bone, is a long, horizontally-oriented bone that connects the shoulder blade to the sternum. It is the only long bone in the body that is positioned horizontally. The clavicle is essential for functional movement, connecting the axial skeleton to the pectoral girdle.
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is a two-headed neck muscle that binds the skull to the sternum and clavicle. The muscle gets its name from its attachments to the manubrium of the sternum (sterno-), the clavicle (-cleido-), and the mastoid process of the temporal bone (-mastoid). The clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is attached to the superior surface of the medial third of the clavicle. The muscle is easily visible and palpable, and it forms a distinct, identifiable structure on the anterior and lateral aspects of the neck.
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is closely related to neurovascular structures in the neck. It helps protect the neurovascular bundle of the neck, branches of the cervical plexus, deep cervical lymph nodes, and soft tissues of the neck from damage. The muscle receives its blood supply through the superior thyroid artery, a branch of the external carotid artery.
Contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle can elevate the head by dorsally extending the upper cervical joints. This action also flexes the lower cervical column, resulting in an overall bending of the neck towards the chest. When the head is fixed, contraction of the muscle elevates the sternum and clavicle, expanding the thoracic cavity and aiding in inspiratory breathing.
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is also implicated in various clinical conditions. For example, disorders of the clavicular belly of the muscle have been associated with postural dizziness and a sense of imbalance.
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The pectoralis major muscle is attached to the anterior surface of the medial third of the clavicle
The clavicle, also known as the collar bone, is a long bone that makes up the front part of the shoulder. It is the only long bone in the human body that lies horizontally. The pectoralis major is a fan-shaped muscle that consists of three parts that originate from three different sites. The clavicular part of the pectoralis major originates from the anterior surface of the medial third of the clavicle. The pectoralis major is the most superficial muscle in the pectoral region. It is a large muscle and is also referred to as the "pecs" or "chest muscle".
The pectoralis major has three parts: the clavicular part, the sternocostal part, and the abdominal part. The clavicular part originates from the anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle. The sternocostal part originates from the anterior surface of the sternum and the anterior aspects of the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6. The abdominal part is the smallest part and originates from the anterior layer of the rectus sheath. The muscle fibres from all three parts converge laterally towards the proximal humerus.
The pectoralis major muscle is a paired, superficial muscle located on the anterior surface of the thoracic cage. It is also the largest muscle in the chest area. The pectoralis major has a broad origin, which is the basis for its division into three parts. All three parts converge laterally and insert onto the greater tubercle of the humerus. The main function of this chest muscle is the adduction and internal rotation of the arm in the shoulder joint.
The pectoralis major muscle is innervated by the lateral and medial pectoral nerves (root value C5-T1), which stem from the brachial plexus. The sternal head receives innervation from the C7, C8, and T1 nerve roots, via the lower trunk of the brachial plexus and the medial pectoral nerve. The clavicular head receives innervation from the C5 and C6 nerve roots via the upper trunk and lateral cord of the brachial plexus, which gives off the lateral pectoral nerve.
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The subclavius muscle is attached to a groove in the middle of the clavicle's inferior surface
The clavicle, or collarbone, is a long, slender, S-shaped bone that sits between the shoulder blade and the sternum. There are two clavicles in a person, one on the left and one on the right. The clavicle is the only long bone in the human body that lies horizontally. It is a palpable bone, and in people with less fat in this region, the location of the bone is clearly visible.
The clavicle plays an essential role in functional movement, serving as the connection between the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle. This allows the clavicle to act as a brace for the shoulder, transferring weight from the upper limbs to the axial skeleton. The bone also plays a protective role for neurovascular structures entering the thorax.
The clavicle has a smooth superior surface, while the inferior surface is rough with many prominent lines, indicating sites where muscles and ligaments may attach to the bone. These landmarks include the sternal facet, the costal tuberosity, the conoid tubercle, and the trapezoid line.
The clavicle has six muscles attached to it, with two muscles attached to the lateral third of the clavicle and four muscles attached to the medial third. The trapezius and deltoid muscles are attached to the lateral third, while the sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major, subclavius, and sternohyoid muscles are attached to the medial third.
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Frequently asked questions
The trapezius, levator scapulae, and rhomboid muscles elevate the clavicle.
The subclavius muscle is attached to a groove in the middle of the clavicle's inferior surface.
The trapezius and deltoid muscles are attached to the lateral third of the clavicle.
