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Muscles can break down due to a number of factors, including injury, high-intensity exercise, medications, substance use disorder, infections, electrical injury, heat stroke, prolonged immobilisation, lack of blood flow to a limb, snake bites, and intense or prolonged exercise in hot conditions. This condition is known as rhabdomyolysis and can lead to acute kidney injury. The breakdown of muscle tissue can be caused by the persistent contraction of the muscle cell, leading to the breakdown of intracellular proteins and the disintegration of the cell.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Muscle breakdown condition | Rhabdomyolysis |
| Muscle breakdown cause | Crush injury, strenuous exercise, medications, substance use disorder, infections, electrical injury, heat stroke, prolonged immobilization, lack of blood flow to a limb, snake bites, intense or prolonged exercise, particularly in hot conditions |
| Muscle breakdown symptoms | Muscle pains, weakness, vomiting, confusion, tea-coloured urine, irregular heartbeat |
| Muscle breakdown treatment | Intravenous infusion of large amounts of saline fluid to increase the glomerular filtration rate or the amount of fluid that is being pushed through the filters located in the kidney |
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What You'll Learn
Muscle breakdown can be caused by crush injuries
Rhabdomyolysis is characterised by the persistent contraction of the muscle cell, which leads to the breakdown of intracellular proteins and the disintegration of the cell. This allows neutrophil granulocytes, the most abundant type of white blood cell, to enter the muscle tissue, producing an inflammatory reaction and releasing reactive oxygen species.
The symptoms of rhabdomyolysis may include muscle pains, weakness, vomiting, and confusion. There may also be tea-coloured urine or an irregular heartbeat. In some cases, patients may experience muscle paralysis, sensory deficit, fever, cardiac arrhythmia, pneumonia, nausea, vomiting, agitation, and delirium.
Treatment for muscle breakdown often begins in the pre-hospital setting, where an emergency medical technician or paramedic recognises the potential for muscle injury. Intravenous infusion of large amounts of saline fluid helps increase the glomerular filtration rate, or the amount of fluid being pushed through the filters located in the kidney. This increased fluid flow aims to dilute toxins, such as myoglobin, that may clog and damage the kidney's filtering system.
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Muscle breakdown can be caused by strenuous exercise
The persistent contraction of the muscle cell leads to the breakdown of intracellular proteins and the disintegration of the cell. Neutrophil granulocytes, the most abundant type of white blood cell, enter the muscle tissue, producing an inflammatory reaction and releasing reactive oxygen species, particularly after crush injury.
Rhabdomyolysis occurs when there is damage to the skeletal muscle. The injured muscle cell leaks myoglobin, a protein, into the bloodstream. Myoglobin can be directly toxic to kidney cells and can impair and clog the filtration system of the kidney. Treatment for muscle breakdown often begins in the pre-hospital situation, where an emergency medical technician or paramedic recognises the potential for muscle injury. Intravenous infusion of large amounts of saline fluid helps increase the glomerular filtration rate or the amount of fluid that is being pushed through the filters located in the kidney. The goal of increased fluid flow is to dilute toxins, such as myoglobin, that may clog and damage the filtering system of the kidney.
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Muscle breakdown can be caused by medications
Rhabdomyolysis occurs when there is damage to the skeletal muscle. The injured muscle cell leaks myoglobin, a protein, into the bloodstream. Myoglobin is directly toxic to kidney cells and can impair and clog the filtration system of the kidney. This can lead to acute kidney injury.
The persistent contraction of the muscle cell leads to the breakdown of intracellular proteins and the disintegration of the cell. Neutrophil granulocytes, the most abundant type of white blood cell, enter the muscle tissue, producing an inflammatory reaction and releasing reactive oxygen species, particularly after a crush injury.
Treatment for muscle breakdown often begins in the pre-hospital situation, where an emergency medical technician or paramedic recognises the potential for muscle injury. Intravenous infusion of large amounts of saline fluid helps increase the glomerular filtration rate or the amount of fluid that is being pushed through the filters located in the kidney. The goal of increased fluid flow is to dilute toxins, such as myoglobin, that may clog and damage the filtering system of the kidney.
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Muscle breakdown can be caused by substance use disorder
Treatment for muscle breakdown often begins in the pre-hospital situation, where an emergency medical technician or paramedic recognises the potential for muscle injury. Intravenous infusion of large amounts of saline fluid helps increase the glomerular filtration rate, or the amount of fluid that is being pushed through the filters located in the kidney. The goal of increased fluid flow is to dilute toxins, such as myoglobin, that may clog and damage the filtering system of the kidney. Pre-hospital personnel will also consider heart monitoring to evaluate for evidence of hyperkalemia, which can lead to heart rhythm disturbances and sudden cardiac death.
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Muscle breakdown can be caused by infections
Rhabdomyolysis occurs when there is damage to the skeletal muscle, causing the injured muscle cell to leak myoglobin, a protein, into the bloodstream. Myoglobin is directly toxic to kidney cells and can impair and clog the filtration system of the kidney, leading to acute kidney injury. The persistent contraction of the muscle cell leads to the breakdown of intracellular proteins and the disintegration of the cell.
The evaluation of rhabdomyolysis begins with the history and physical examination of the patient, including any underlying medical conditions and medication history. Blood tests may be carried out to assess kidney function and the presence of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), a chemical found in muscle that is released into the bloodstream with muscle damage. Treatment for muscle breakdown often begins in the pre-hospital situation, where an emergency medical technician or paramedic recognises the potential for muscle injury. Intravenous infusion of large amounts of saline fluid helps to increase the amount of fluid being pushed through the filters located in the kidney, diluting toxins such as myoglobin.
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Frequently asked questions
Rhabdomyolysis is a condition in which damaged skeletal muscle breaks down rapidly, often due to high-intensity exercise over a short period.
Symptoms may include muscle pains, weakness, vomiting, and confusion. There may also be tea-coloured urine or an irregular heartbeat.
Treatment for muscle breakdown often begins in the pre-hospital situation where an emergency medical technician or paramedic recognises the potential for muscle injury. Intravenous infusion of large amounts of saline fluid helps increase the glomerular filtration rate or the amount of fluid that is being pushed through the filters located in the kidney.
