
The wings of your upper body refer to the muscles that connect your arms to your torso, namely the scapulae (shoulder blades) and the muscles that support them. To build and strengthen these muscles, you can try exercises such as barbell deadlifts, scapular push-ups, and wide-grip pulldowns. Additionally, yoga poses like the Child Pose and Hasta Tadasana can help you learn to spread your wings by keeping your back body spacious while opening the front of your chest. This technique is especially important when performing inversions such as handstands and headstands, as it helps stabilize the scapulae and improves your overall alignment and balance.
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What You'll Learn

Yoga poses to spread your wings
Spreading your wings in yoga refers to the action of opening the front of your rib cage while also opening your back. This technique is especially useful for poses with the arms raised overhead, such as Hasta Tadasana (standing pose with arms raised overhead) and Urdhva Mukha Vrksasana (Handstand).
To spread your wings, start by getting into Child Pose with your thighs parallel. Relax into the pose and observe your inhales. If you don't feel your back ribs inflating, try inhaling deeply until you start feeling your back ribs expand with each breath. Place your hands on your side ribs to help bring awareness to the right parts of your body. Breathe into your hands as if you were trying to inflate a balloon.
Once you've mastered this in Child Pose, you can move on to standing poses with your arms raised overhead, such as Hasta Tadasana. After raising your arms, take a moment to feel the "banana back" that results. Then, gently spread your wings sideways, feeling your back body become more spacious while the front body remains open.
For a true challenge, try this action in a Handstand. This will likely mess with your balance as it shifts your center of gravity. If you can balance in a Handstand in the middle of the room with a banana back, you will have achieved a challenging adjustment.
Another pose that can help with spreading your wings is Embracing Wings Pose. To do this, lie on your stomach and cross your outstretched arms at shoulder height under your body, with the right arm in front of the left and palms facing up. Place a block or folded blanket under your forehead or a bolster under your chest, and give your weight up to the mat.
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Scapular exercises
The scapulae, or shoulder blades, form the foundation of the arms, similar to how the pelvis forms the foundation of the spine. The humerus (upper arm bone) meets the scapula in the ball-and-socket shoulder joint. The scapula, in turn, connects to the collarbone, which connects to the breastbone, rib cage, and ultimately, the spine.
The scapulae are held in position by the collarbones and a number of important muscles. The collarbones act as struts to hold the scapulae in their normal position on the back rib cage. The only bony connection of the arm to the central skeleton is through the collarbone.
Scapular stabilization exercises are important to incorporate into your fitness routine to improve your posture and prevent injury. Here are some scapular exercises to try:
- Shoulder Shrugs: Easy to perform, this exercise is a great option for strengthening your shoulders and other muscles.
- Cat Pose (Marjaryasana): In this pose, you position yourself on your hands and knees, with the scapulae transmitting your body weight from your torso to the earth via your arms.
- Child Pose: In this yoga pose, you can feel the action of "spreading your wings," which involves expanding your back body without collapsing the front.
- Hasta Tadasana: From a standing pose with your arms raised overhead, you gently spread your wings sideways, feeling your back body expand while keeping the front body open.
These exercises can be done as part of your daily training routine or as a warm-up. Remember to listen to your body and only push yourself to your comfort limit.
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Latissimus dorsi exercises
The latissimus dorsi, or lats, are the wide, fan-shaped muscles that make up the majority of your mid-back. They are the largest muscles in your upper body and are crucial for pulling motions, like pull-ups and rowing.
Lat Pulldowns
This is one of the most famous exercises for targeting the lats. It is typically done with a pulldown machine, but can also be done with resistance bands. To perform a lat pulldown, sit on the pulldown machine bench with your feet flat on the floor and your knees under the kneepad. Grab the bar with your hands about shoulder-width apart and slowly pull it down. This exercise can also be done with variations, such as pulling the bar down with one arm at a time.
Dumbbell Rows
Dumbbell rows are a great way to target the lats. To perform this exercise, hold a dumbbell in one hand and place your other hand on a bench or stable surface. Bend your knees slightly and lean forward, keeping your back straight. Pull the dumbbell up towards your rib cage, focusing on engaging your shoulder blades and lats.
Barbell Rows
This exercise is similar to the dumbbell row, but it allows you to lift a heavier weight. To perform a barbell row, hold the barbell with your palms facing your body and hinge at the hips until your torso is at a 45-degree angle. Keep your knees bent to protect your back and pull the barbell towards your belly button, squeezing your back muscles.
Pullovers
Pullovers are a great exercise because they work multiple muscle groups simultaneously, including the lats, chest, and triceps. To perform a pullover, lie on a bench with a dumbbell or barbell in your hands and extend your arms straight above your chest. Lower the weight behind your head, feeling the stretch in your lats, and then bring it back up to the starting position.
Inverted Rows
Inverted rows are a beginner-friendly variation of the traditional row. To perform this exercise, set up a bar at about waist height. Lie on the floor underneath the bar and grab it with your hands, slightly wider than shoulder-width apart. Keep your body straight and pull yourself up towards the bar, focusing on engaging your lats and shoulder blades.
These exercises can be performed with varying weights and rep ranges to suit your fitness level and goals. It is important to focus on proper form and to seek guidance from a professional if you are unsure about how to perform any of these exercises.
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Serratus anterior exercises
The serratus anterior is a fan-shaped muscle that wraps around the outside of the rib cage. It is responsible for scapular (shoulder blade) protraction and helps the shoulders maintain the proper position during movements like punching. For this reason, it is sometimes called the "`boxer's muscle'" or the "big swing muscle".
The serratus anterior is important for shoulder girdle performance and health, but it is often neglected by individuals during exercise programming. If the serratus anterior is weak, inhibited, or lengthened, scapular protraction and upward rotation are impaired, and the shoulder blade will not move smoothly along the thorax (rib cage). This can lead to scapular winging, where the shoulder blade abnormally moves away from the thorax during arm movements, and can cause shoulder impingement or rotator cuff tendinopathy.
To prevent these issues and improve shoulder stability, it is important to include serratus anterior exercises in your routine. Here are some exercises that can help activate and strengthen the serratus anterior:
- Wall Slide: Stand in front of a wall, keeping your feet shoulder-width apart. Place your forearms on the wall at shoulder height and press them into the wall as you pull your shoulder blades forward. Keep your elbows close to your body and slide your forearms up the wall, maintaining a flat back and engaged core. Slowly slide your forearms back down to the starting position. Repeat for 2-3 sets of 10-15 reps.
- Diagonal Shoulder Walks: Start in a standing position with your feet hip-width apart and knees softened. Hold a set of light dumbbells out diagonally at your sides with straight arms. Engage your core muscles and lift the dumbbells to shoulder height, avoiding any swinging of your arms or upper body.
- Plank: The serratus anterior is trained indirectly in all anterior deltoid exercises, such as a plank.
- Punching: Lie down on a bed with your back flat. Hold a weight in one hand and lift your arm above your face. From here, punch straight up in the air, then relax your arm back down, keeping it straight.
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Winged scapula exercises
Scapular winging, or winged scapula, is when the scapula (shoulder blade) protrudes and appears to "wing" out of the back. This condition typically responds well to conservative treatment within 1-24 months. A study by Martin et al suggests conservative treatment for 6-24 months after the initial onset of symptoms and considering surgery if conservative treatment is unsuccessful.
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- Apply gentle pressure using a massage ball or tennis ball to the rhomboid and upper trapezius areas.
- Begin in a seated position and grasp the bottom of your chair with your right hand.
- Bring your chin towards your chest and rotate your head towards your left shoulder.
- Using your left arm, gently push your head down, looking towards your left armpit, until you feel a slight stretch along the right side of your neck.
Yoga and Poses
- Child Pose: Place your hands on your side ribs and breathe into your hands as if you are trying to inflate a balloon. This helps bring awareness to the correct part of your body and allows you to expand your back body without collapsing the front.
- Hasta Tadasana (Standing Pose with Arms Raised Overhead): After raising your arms, take a moment to feel the "banana back" that results. Then, gently spread your wings sideways, feeling your back body become more spacious while keeping the front body open.
- Handstand: This pose can be challenging due to the shift in the center of gravity, but it helps to engage the necessary muscles.
- Marjaryasana (Cat Pose): In this pose, the scapulae transmit your body weight from your spine and torso to the ground via your hands and knees.
- Headstand: This pose requires strong upward rotators to stabilize the scapulae and prevent "winging." Teachers should watch for "winging" in this pose as it indicates weak serratus muscles.
It is important to note that the scapulae form the foundation of the arms, similar to how the pelvis forms the foundation of the spine. The position and stabilization of the scapulae are crucial for the alignment and lift in various poses.
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Frequently asked questions
The wing muscles are the muscles that connect the arm to the torso, including the scapulae, or shoulder blades, and the muscles that support them.
To build your wing muscles, you can try exercises such as barbell deadlifts, scapular pushups, and wide grip pulldowns. You can also try yoga poses such as Hasta Tadasana, a standing pose with your arms raised overhead, to strengthen these muscles.
Strong wing muscles can help improve your balance and stability in poses such as Handstand, Headstand, and Forearm Balance. They can also help to maximize your V-shape by developing your shoulder joint musculature and reducing body fat stores around your waistline.










































