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Genioplasty is a surgical procedure that alters the shape of the chin, often for aesthetic purposes. The mentalis muscle is the only muscle that is significantly affected during genioplasty. This muscle is responsible for elevating and protruding the lower lip, and causing 'dimpling' of the skin on the chin. The precise reattachment of the mentalis muscle during genioplasty is important for optimal surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction. Mentalis muscle strain can occur after genioplasty, and may require further treatment.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Definition | Genioplasty is a useful procedure in aesthetic surgery and can be combined with other procedures to obtain an optimal aesthetic outcome. |
| Muscle | The mentalis muscle is the only muscle that has significance during the surgical approach to genioplasty. |
| Function | The mentalis muscle is the sole elevator of the lower lip and chin, providing the lip's major vertical support. |
| Motor Supply | The marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve. |
| Nerve Supply | The mental nerve, a terminal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve, supplies sensation to the overlying skin of the chin and lower lip. |
| Blood Supply | The blood supply to the chin region follows the corresponding nerve supply, including the mental and inferior alveolar arteries, and the labial branches of the facial artery. |
| Complications | Mentalis muscle strain can occur after any chin procedure requiring the detachment and reattachment of the muscle. |
| Treatment | Botulinum neurotoxin is a useful adjunct to surgical treatment. |
| Patient Suitability | A thorough medical history and in-depth clinical assessment of the facial skeleton and overlying soft tissues are important to assess patient suitability for treatment. |
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What You'll Learn
- The mentalis muscle is the only muscle that has significance during the surgical approach to genioplasty
- The mentalis muscle is the sole elevator of the lower lip and chin
- The mentalis muscle can be re-suspended with a two-layered closure
- The mental nerve supplies sensation to the overlying skin of the chin and lower lip
- Botulinum neurotoxin is a useful adjunct to surgical treatment
The mentalis muscle is the only muscle that has significance during the surgical approach to genioplasty
Genioplasty is a useful surgical procedure in aesthetic surgery, often combined with other procedures to obtain optimal aesthetic outcomes. It is a simple and effective surgical technique with few complications.
The precise reattachment of the mentalis muscle during an intraoral surgical approach produces superior results. The mentalis muscle is re-suspended, and the mucosal incision is closed. If vertical reduction is needed, the inferior movement of the osteotomised distal segment into the desired position is required. This movement helps to maintain or increase the length of the lower lip.
Mentalis muscle strain can occur after any chin procedure that requires the muscle to be detached and then reattached at closure. This can be treated with botulinum neurotoxin, which is a useful adjunct to surgical treatment.
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The mentalis muscle is the sole elevator of the lower lip and chin
Genioplasty is a useful procedure in aesthetic surgery and can be combined with other procedures to obtain an optimal aesthetic outcome. It is a simple and effective surgical technique with few complications. The mentalis muscle is the most important muscle encountered during an osseous genioplasty. This is a paired central muscle of the lower lip that originates within the incisive fossa, just beneath the attached gingiva of the mandibular incisors, and inserts into the dermis of the skin overlying the chin. The action of this muscle is to elevate and protrude the lower lip, in addition to causing 'dimpling' of the overlying skin of the chin. The mentalis muscle is the sole elevator of the lower lip and chin, and although there are no fibres that pass into the lower lip, it provides the lip's major vertical support.
The mentalis nerve is the terminal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve, which supplies sensation to the overlying skin of the chin and lower lip, as well as the labial gingiva. The blood supply to the chin region follows the corresponding nerve supply, namely the mental and inferior alveolar arteries, in addition to a rich vascular supply from the labial branches of the facial artery. Precise reattachment of the mentalis muscle during an intraoral surgical approach produces superior results. Changes in the lower lip soft tissue after bone graft harvesting from the mandibular symphysis have been observed.
The mentalis muscle is important during the surgical approach to genioplasty. All the other chin muscles are not incised during stripping of the chin, and their original position is therefore re-established once the periosteum has regained its place. A study compared vertical and horizontal profile changes of the lower lip and chin after genioplasty with or without precise reattachment of the mentalis muscle. The results showed that in most of the study group, the length of the lower lip was either maintained or increased, while in the control group, the lower lip length was either preserved or decreased.
Mentalis muscle strain can occur after any chin procedure that requires the muscle to be detached and then reattached at closure. Botulinum neurotoxin is a useful adjunct to surgical treatment in the management of mentalis muscle dysfunction after advancement genioplasty.
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The mentalis muscle can be re-suspended with a two-layered closure
Genioplasty is a useful procedure in aesthetic surgery, often combined with other procedures to achieve optimal aesthetic outcomes. The mentalis muscle is the most important muscle encountered during an osseous genioplasty. It is a paired central muscle of the lower lip that originates within the incisive fossa, just beneath the attached gingiva of the mandibular incisors. The muscle inserts into the dermis of the skin overlying the chin, causing the 'dimpling' of the chin's overlying skin. The mentalis muscle is the sole elevator of the lower lip and chin, providing major vertical support to the lip.
Another study introduced a new, minimally invasive surgical technique called soft tissue genioplasty, which utilises the mentalis muscle without any hardware. This procedure provides superior versatility in surgically altering chin morphology, mainly in the horizontal dimension. The mentalis muscle is advanced surgically for selected patients, resulting in increased horizontal and vertical dimensions of the lower lip and chin, demonstrating good post-operative improvement and patient satisfaction.
The mentalis muscle can also be re-suspended through an intraoral incision. However, in some cases, this may not be suitable, and alternative methods such as cutting some muscle at the chin or a mentalis muscle release with dermal-fat grafting may be recommended.
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The mental nerve supplies sensation to the overlying skin of the chin and lower lip
Genioplasty is a useful procedure in aesthetic surgery that can be combined with other procedures to obtain an optimal aesthetic outcome. The mental nerve is a sensory nerve of the face that provides sensation to the front of the chin and the lower lip, as well as the gums of the anterior mandibular (lower) teeth. It is a branch of the posterior trunk of the inferior alveolar nerve, which is a part of the trigeminal nerve. The mental nerve has three branches, with one branch descending to the skin of the chin and the other two running along the lower teeth, providing feeling to the gums and the skin inside the lip.
The mentalis muscle is the only muscle that has significance during the surgical approach to genioplasty. It is the sole elevator of the lower lip and chin, providing major vertical support to the lip. The precise reattachment of the mentalis muscle during an intraoral surgical approach produces superior results.
A study comparing the vertical and horizontal profile changes of the lower lip and chin after genioplasty with or without precise reattachment of the mentalis muscle found that the length of the lower lip was either maintained or increased in most patients with precise reattachment. In the control group without precise reattachment, the lower lip length was either preserved or decreased.
The mental nerve can be blocked with local anaesthesia during procedures on the chin, lower lip, and mucous membrane of the inner cheek. This is often done to prevent pain and provide comfort to patients during surgical procedures.
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Botulinum neurotoxin is a useful adjunct to surgical treatment
Genioplasty is a useful procedure in aesthetic surgery that can be combined with other procedures to obtain an optimal aesthetic outcome. The mentalis muscle is the only muscle that has significance during the surgical approach to genioplasty. The mentalis muscle is important because it is the sole elevator of the lower lip and chin and, although there are no fibers that pass into the lower lip, it provides the lip's major vertical support.
Botulinum neurotoxin, commonly called Botox, is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. It is one of the most poisonous biological substances known. It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction, thus causing flaccid paralysis. The toxin causes the disease botulism. The toxin is also used commercially for medical and cosmetic purposes.
Botulinum toxin is an acetylcholine release inhibitor and a neuromuscular blocking agent. The seven main types of botulinum toxin are named types A to G (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F, and G). Types A and B are capable of causing disease in humans and are also used commercially and medically. Types C–G are less common; types E and F can cause disease in humans, while the other types cause disease in other animals. Botulinum toxins are among the most potent toxins known to science.
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Frequently asked questions
Genioplasty is a surgical procedure that alters the chin's morphology. The mentalis muscle is the only muscle that has a significant impact during the surgical approach to genioplasty. The mentalis muscle is a central muscle of the lower lip that causes the ''dimpling' of the overlying skin of the chin.
The purpose of this procedure is to elevate and protrude the lower lip, as well as to alter the shape of the chin. It is often used to correct the appearance of the chin after a previous chin procedure that has left the patient with mentalis muscle strain.
The procedure is performed under general anaesthesia. The operative field is cleansed with a povidine-iodine solution and the patient is draped with sterile drapes. Anaesthesia and haemostasis are provided by infiltrating lignocaine with adrenaline into the lower gingivobuccal sulcus. A photographic retractor is used to retract the lips and a full-thickness mucoperiosteal incision is made.
