Logan Steele
Bones and muscles are attached by connective tissue. Tendons are the most common form of attachment, but muscles can also attach to bones via aponeuroses or directly. Tendons are cord-like, fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Aponeuroses are large, sheet-like layers of connective tissue with a similar composition to tendons.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Connective tissue | Provides structural support and serves as points of attachment to the respective bones |
| Muscle belly | The central part of a muscle, which tends to be thicker and in which the contractile cells predominate |
| Tendon | The most common form of attachment; a cord-like, fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension |
| Aponeurosis | Sheet-like structure of fibrous tissue that can attach to bone and to the fascia of other muscles or tissues |
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What You'll Learn
Connective tissue
The central part of a muscle, which tends to be thicker and in which the contractile cells predominate, is called the muscle belly. Toward the ends of the muscle belly, the muscle cells end, but all these connective tissue coverings continue to attach the muscle to one or more bones. This can be done in a direct manner, via a cord-like or flat band called a tendon, or via a sheet-like structure of fibrous tissue called an aponeurosis.
Tendons are the most common form of attachment and serve to concentrate the pull of the muscle to a small area on the bone. In essence, these connective tissue attachments allow the tension created by the contractile component of the muscle to be transmitted to the associated bones so that joint movement can occur.
Aponeuroses are large, sheet-like layers of connective tissue with a similar composition to tendons. Their large form and shape provide structure and distribute tension across a wider area or a large number of muscle groups.
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Tendons
The central part of a muscle, which tends to be thicker and in which the contractile cells predominate, is called the muscle belly. Toward the ends of the muscle belly, the muscle cells end; but all the connective tissue coverings continue to attach the muscle to one or more bones: in a direct manner (e.g., trapezius), via a tendon (e.g., biceps brachii), or via an aponeurosis (e.g., latissimus dorsi).
The connective tissue associated with muscles is vital for attaching muscles to bone but also influences the behaviour of the muscle. This is represented in the three-component mechanical model originally developed by A.V. Hill in 1938 and expanded upon by other investigators in more recent years (Oatis, 2009; Winters, 1990). In this model, the ability of muscle to contract via the actin and myosin myofilaments previously described (sliding filament theory) is represented by the contractile component (CC) or active component of muscle. In contrast, the components that do not require active contraction, also termed the passive components, are represented by two elastic components: the parallel elastic component and the series elastic component.
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Aponeuroses
Connective tissue is responsible for attaching muscles to bones. There are three types of connective tissue coverings: endomysium, which covers individual muscle fibres; perimysium, which covers bundles of muscle fibres or fascicles; and epimysium, which covers the whole muscle.
The central part of a muscle is called the muscle belly. Towards the ends of the muscle belly, the muscle cells end, but the connective tissue coverings continue to attach the muscle to one or more bones. This can be done directly, via a tendon, or via an aponeurosis.
Tendons are the most common form of attachment. They are cord-like, fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. At either end of the tendon, its fibres intertwine with the fascia of a muscle or the periosteum (a dense fibrous covering of a bone), allowing force to be dissipated across the bone or muscle.
The ability of muscle to contract is represented by the contractile component (CC) or active component of muscle. The components that do not require active contraction, also termed the passive components, are represented by two elastic components: the parallel elastic component and the series elastic component.
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Muscle belly
The central part of a muscle is called the muscle belly. It tends to be thicker than the ends of the muscle and is where the contractile cells predominate.
The muscle belly is attached to one or more bones by connective tissue coverings. These connective tissue coverings include the endomysium, which covers individual muscle fibres, the perimysium, which covers bundles of muscle fibres, and the epimysium, which covers the whole muscle.
The connective tissue associated with muscles is vital for attaching muscles to bone. It also influences the behaviour of the muscle. For example, the three-component mechanical model developed by A.V. Hill in 1938 represents the ability of a muscle to contract via the actin and myosin myofilaments.
Tendons are the most common form of attachment between muscle and bone. They are a common tissue that connects muscle to bone and are capable of withstanding tension. At either end of a tendon, its fibres intertwine with the fascia of a muscle or the periosteum (a dense fibrous covering of a bone), allowing force to be dissipated across the bone or muscle.
Aponeuroses are another type of connective tissue that can attach muscle to bone. They are large, sheet-like layers of connective tissue with a similar composition to tendons. Their large form and shape provide structure and distribute tension across a wider area or a large number of muscle groups.
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Contractile cells
Tendons are the most common form of attachment between bone and muscle. They are a type of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. At either end of the tendon, its fibres intertwine with the fascia of a muscle or the periosteum (a dense fibrous covering of a bone), allowing force to be dissipated across the bone or muscle.
The contractile cells are found in the muscle belly, the central part of a muscle that tends to be thicker. The muscle belly is surrounded by connective tissue coverings of individual muscle fibres (endomysium), bundles of muscle fibres or fascicles (perimysium), and the whole muscle itself (epimysium). These connective tissue coverings continue to attach the muscle to one or more bones, either directly or via a tendon or aponeurosis.
Aponeuroses are large, sheet-like layers of connective tissue with a similar composition to tendons. They can also attach to bone, as well as to the fascia of other muscles or tissues. Their large form and shape provide structure and distribute tension across a wider area or a large number of muscle groups.
The ability of muscle to contract is represented by the contractile component (CC) or active component of muscle in the three-component mechanical model originally developed by A.V. Hill in 1938. This model also includes two elastic components - the parallel elastic component and the series elastic component - that do not require active contraction.
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Frequently asked questions
Connective tissue attaches bone to muscle.
Connective tissue is a covering of individual muscle fibres, bundles of muscle fibres or fascicles, and the whole muscle itself.
Connective tissue is also known as an aponeurosis.
Aponeuroses are large, sheet-like layers of connective tissue with a similar composition to tendons.
A tendon is a cord-like, fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension.
