
Jaw pain, a common issue affecting millions in the US, can be caused by a variety of factors. It may be mild or severe, and can affect your quality of life. Jaw pain can be caused by issues with your teeth, such as toothaches, cavities, or gum disease. It can also be caused by injuries to the jaw or mouth, infections, or arthritis. In some cases, jaw pain may be a symptom of a more serious issue, such as a broken or dislocated jaw, or even a heart attack. Jaw pain can also be caused by grinding your teeth or clenching your jaw, often due to stress or anxiety.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Medical emergency | Broken or dislocated jaw |
| Dental problems | Gum disease, cavities, tooth gaps, damaged teeth, abscesses, toothache, cracked teeth |
| Infections | Mumps, tetanus, sinusitis, osteomyelitis, anaerobic osteomyelitis |
| Arthritis | Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, synovitis, psoriatic arthritis |
| Nerve issues | Trigeminal neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, compression of the trigeminal nerve |
| Stress and anxiety | Clenching jaw, grinding teeth, poor posture |
| Other | Heart attack, head/eye pain, throat pain, ear pain, neck pain, back pain, jaw joint issues, defective jaw position, overuse, injury, cancer-related pain |
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What You'll Learn

Grinding teeth, gum disease, toothache, and dental problems
Grinding your teeth, also known as bruxism, can affect your temporomandibular joints and muscles, causing jaw pain. Mouth guards and other orthodontics can be used to protect teeth, joints, and muscles from the effects of teeth grinding. Managing stress may also be beneficial, as it is a common cause of teeth grinding.
Gum disease, or periodontal disease, is an infection in the gums caused by poor dental care and hygiene. This infection can cause jaw pain and should be addressed by a dentist. To prevent gum disease, it is important to maintain good oral hygiene by brushing and flossing regularly and attending dental check-ups.
Toothaches can also be a cause of jaw pain. They may be a symptom of an abscessed tooth, which requires dental treatment. In some cases, toothaches may be related to more serious issues, such as a heart attack or broken jaw, and should not be ignored.
Dental problems, such as an abscessed tooth or periodontal disease, can lead to jaw pain. Proper dental care, including regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups, is essential to prevent and address these issues.
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Arthritis, infections, and inflammation
Arthritis affects your joints, which may become inflamed or break down over time. If you have arthritis, it may affect your temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and cause jaw pain. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis that affects the TMJ, but rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis, juvenile arthritis (JA), and lupus can also cause TMJ pain in adults. The TMJ is the most complex joint in the human body, allowing for hinge and sliding movements that enable talking, eating, and kissing.
Infections can also cause jaw pain. For example, bacterial infections such as sinusitis, tetanus (lockjaw), or an abscessed tooth can lead to discomfort in the jaw. Sinusitis and lockjaw are common infections that can cause jaw pain, while an abscessed tooth is a bacterial infection that results in a pocket of pus forming around a tooth. Mumps, a contagious disease, can also cause jaw pain due to the swelling of the salivary glands located between the ears and jaw.
Inflammation of the temporomandibular joint, or temporomandibular disorder (TMD), is the most common cause of jaw pain. TMD is not a single condition but a group of over 30 disorders that can affect the TMJ. Symptoms of TMD can include jaw pain, stiffness, or an ache in the jawbone or the area surrounding the ears. Treatment for TMD typically involves non-invasive procedures, and in many cases, the condition resolves on its own or with simple home remedies. However, some patients with arthritis-related TMD may require surgery to remove loose bone fragments or reshape their jaw.
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Stress, anxiety, and poor posture
Stress and anxiety can also cause jaw pain through their physical effects on posture and the muscles in the neck and shoulders. For example, stress can cause people to slouch in their chairs or hunch over their computers, leading to a forward head posture and strain on the jaw muscles. In addition, stress and anxiety can contribute to jaw pain by causing people to clench their teeth, which increases pressure within the jaw.
Poor posture can cause jaw pain through its effect on the alignment of the spine and head. When the spine is misaligned due to poor posture, the head may protrude forward, causing the condyles of the jaw to move deeper into their sockets and creating strain on the jaw muscles. This forward head posture can also alter the length-tension relationships of the muscles attached to the jaw, triggering hypertonous activity that compresses the jaw.
To relieve jaw pain caused by stress and anxiety, it is important to manage these underlying conditions through support from a general practitioner, psychologist, or counsellor. Avoiding alcohol, coffee, and illicit drugs may also help, as these substances can contribute to teeth grinding. Jaw exercises taught by a physiotherapist can help retrain the muscles controlling the jaw and restore the brain's awareness of correct jaw position and movement.
To address jaw pain caused by poor posture, it is necessary to correct muscle imbalances and restore proper length-tension relationships in the jaw muscles. This can be achieved by improving standing and sitting posture, such as by keeping the shoulders back and chest forward, lengthening the spine, and avoiding a forward chin position. Correcting poor posture caused by foot problems or improper footwear may also be necessary.
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Trauma, injury, and fractures
Protective measures, such as wearing a seatbelt while driving or riding in a vehicle and using protective headgear during contact sports, can help prevent jaw injuries. Jaw pain can also be caused by teeth grinding, gum disease, toothaches, arthritis, and infections like sinusitis or tetanus. In some cases, jaw pain may be a symptom of a more serious underlying condition, such as a heart attack, and it is important to seek medical attention if the pain persists or is accompanied by other symptoms.
Jaw pain can be a debilitating condition that affects millions of people. While there are various causes, trauma, injury, and fractures are among the most common and severe reasons for jaw pain. It is always advisable to seek medical advice if you are experiencing persistent or severe jaw pain to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment.
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a hinge joint that connects the lower jaw to the skull, and it is susceptible to injury and trauma. A direct impact to the jaw, such as a punch or a fall, can cause a fracture or dislocation of the TMJ, leading to intense pain and difficulty moving the jaw. In some cases, surgery may be required to realign the joint or repair the fracture.
Additionally, whiplash, a common injury caused by sudden acceleration or deceleration of the head and neck, can also result in jaw pain. This type of injury is often seen in car accidents or contact sports. The forceful movement of the head and neck can strain the muscles and ligaments surrounding the TMJ, leading to pain and discomfort. Treatment for whiplash-related jaw pain typically involves a combination of physical therapy, medication, and, in some cases, jaw exercises to restore mobility and reduce pain.
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Heart attack, angina, and other serious illnesses
Jaw pain can be a symptom of a heart attack, although this is often overlooked. Heart attacks are usually associated with chest pain, but jaw pain is also a common symptom, especially in women, who may not experience the classic heart attack symptoms. Jaw pain related to a heart attack is called "referred pain", meaning that it originates in a different part of the body. In the case of a heart attack, the pain is caused by a disruption in blood flow to the heart, which can also cause chest, shoulder, neck, and back pain. Experiencing jaw pain alongside other symptoms such as sweating, shortness of breath, or chest discomfort is a good indicator that you may be having a heart attack, and you should seek medical attention immediately.
Jaw pain can also be a symptom of angina, which is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow. Angina can feel like pressure, squeezing, tightness, or burning in the chest, and the discomfort can spread to the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. Angina is a symptom of heart disease, and if severe, it may require emergency medical treatment to prevent a heart attack.
Jaw pain can also be indicative of other serious illnesses, such as arthritis, bruxism (teeth grinding), gum disease, infections, mumps, tetanus, or a broken or dislocated jaw. If you are experiencing jaw pain that lasts more than a week, it is important to consult a healthcare professional to determine the underlying cause.
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