Logan Steele
Eversion is the tilting of the sole of the foot away from the midline. It is produced by the peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and fibularis brevis muscles. The ankle joint is held in place by strong ligaments that can be damaged by excessive force, especially during strenuous inversion and eversion. Movement at the ankle is key for posture, balance, and locomotion.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Muscles that cause eversion | Peroneus longus, Peroneus brevis, Fibularis brevis, Fibularis longus, Peroneus tertius |
| Muscles that cause inversion | Tibialis posterior, Tibialis anterior |
| Eversion defined | Tilting of the foot so the sole faces away from the midline |
| Inversion defined | Tilting of the foot so the sole faces towards the midline |
| Eversion-inversion motion | Occurs primarily at the Talocalcaneonavicular joint and Subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint |
| Muscles controlling movement at the ankle | Found in the leg, split into anterior, posterior, and lateral compartments |
| Ankle joint | Held in place by strong ligaments, susceptible to damage during strenuous inversion and eversion |
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What You'll Learn
- Eversion is the tilting of the foot so the sole faces away from the midline
- The fibularis brevis muscle is the deeper and shorter of the two muscles that cause eversion
- The peroneus longus and peroneus brevis produce plantarflexion and eversion of the foot
- The transverse tarsal joint contributes to eversion-inversion motion of the foot
- The transition from eversion to inversion is facilitated by the tibialis posterior muscle
Eversion is the tilting of the foot so the sole faces away from the midline
Eversion is the tilting of the foot so that the sole faces away from the midline. This movement occurs at the subtalar joint, also known as the talocalcaneal joint, and the talocalcaneonavicular joint. The subtalar joint is an S-shaped joint when viewed from above and is formed between the talus and calcaneus. The talocalcaneonavicular joint is formed between the talus and navicular.
The muscles that cause eversion of the foot are the peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and fibularis brevis. The peroneus longus and peroneus brevis are located in the lateral compartment of the leg. The fibularis brevis is the deeper and shorter of the two fibularis muscles. It originates from the lateral surface of the fibula and attaches to the little toe.
Eversion is the opposite movement of inversion, which is the tilting of the foot so that the sole faces towards the midline. Inversion is primarily produced by the tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior muscles. These muscles are located in the anterior and posterior compartments of the leg, respectively. The tibialis anterior is the strongest dorsiflexor of the foot and is involved in lifting the foot (dorsiflexion). The tibialis posterior supports the arch of the foot and helps turn the ankle in.
The ankle joint is held in place by strong ligaments that can be easily damaged during strenuous inversion and eversion. Inversion injuries of the ankle are common and can result in ankle sprains affecting the ligaments on the lateral aspect of the ankle.
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The fibularis brevis muscle is the deeper and shorter of the two muscles that cause eversion
Eversion is the movement of the foot where the sole faces away from the midline. In other words, it is the action of turning the sole of the foot outwards. The fibularis brevis muscle is one of the two muscles that cause eversion. It is also known as the peroneus brevis.
The fibularis brevis is a muscle in the lateral compartment of the leg. It is deeper and shorter than the fibularis longus, with which it shares a common groove posterior to the lateral malleolus. The fibularis brevis originates from the lateral surface of the fibula and attaches to the little toe. The muscle is innervated by the superficial fibular nerve, which arises from the anterior rami of spinal nerves L4-S3. It gets its blood supply from the fibular artery, a branch of the posterior tibial artery.
The fibularis brevis is involved in plantar flexion and eversion of the foot, providing lateral stability to the ankle and foot during activities like walking and standing on tiptoes. It also helps to maintain the concavity of the foot during toe-off and tip-toeing. The oblique direction of its tendon across the sole would also enable it to support the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot.
Trigger points in the fibularis brevis can be activated or perpetuated by ankle sprain, prolonged immobilization (e.g. wearing a cast), wearing high heels, tight elastic on the calf, crossing the legs, and pronated feet or Morton's foot structure.
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The peroneus longus and peroneus brevis produce plantarflexion and eversion of the foot
The peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles produce plantarflexion and eversion of the foot. These muscles are also known as the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis, with "fibularis" being the preferred nomenclature. The peroneus/fibularis longus is a long muscle located in the lateral compartment of the leg, alongside the peroneus/fibularis brevis. The peroneus/fibularis brevis is the deeper and shorter of the two muscles.
The peroneal/fibularis tendons are the most commonly dislocated tendons in the ankle, due in part to the shallow groove in the posterior aspect of the distal fibula where the peroneus/fibularis brevis tendon sits, with the peroneus/fibularis longus tendon behind it. The peroneus/fibularis brevis originates from the lower two-thirds of the lateral fibula and inserts on the proximal fifth metatarsal, receiving innervation from the superficial peroneal nerve. The peroneus/fibularis longus originates from the head and upper two-thirds of the lateral fibula and attaches to the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal. It is innervated by the superficial fibular nerve.
The primary function of the peroneus/fibularis longus is plantarflexion and eversion of the foot at the ankle joint. Plantarflexion is the movement of the foot downward away from the body, while eversion is the tilting of the sole of the foot away from the midline of the body. Together, the peroneus/fibularis muscles help to steady the leg upon the foot, especially when standing on one leg. The peroneus/fibularis brevis also functions to plantarflex the ankle and evert the foot.
Inversion is the opposite movement of eversion, where the sole of the foot is tilted inward toward the midline. The muscles that cause inversion of the foot are the tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior.
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The transverse tarsal joint contributes to eversion-inversion motion of the foot
The foot's eversion and inversion motions are made possible by the ankle joint, which is composed of two joints. The ankle is held in place by strong ligaments, which are susceptible to damage during strenuous inversion and eversion. The muscles that control ankle movement are generally found in the lower leg and can be categorised into anterior, posterior, and lateral compartments.
The transverse tarsal joint, also known as Chopart's joint, is a crucial component of the foot's complex anatomy. It is formed by two joints: the talonavicular joint and the calcaneocuboid joint. The talonavicular joint is formed between the anterior talar head and the navicular, while the calcaneocuboid joint is formed between the anterior facet of the calcaneus and the posterior cuboid.
The transverse tarsal joint allows for inversion and eversion motions, which are considered the primary movements in this joint. Inversion refers to the movement of the foot where the sole tilts towards the midline of the body, while eversion is the opposite movement, with the sole tilting away from the midline. These movements occur primarily at the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint, transverse tarsal joint, and talocalcaneonavicular joint.
The muscles responsible for eversion of the foot include the fibularis longus, fibularis brevis, and peroneus longus, while inversion is produced by the tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior muscles. The range of motion for inversion at the transverse tarsal joint is considerably less, ranging from 8° to 10°, compared to the subtalar joint, which ranges from 25° to 30°.
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The transition from eversion to inversion is facilitated by the tibialis posterior muscle
The ankle joint is held in place by strong ligaments and is crucial for maintaining posture, balance, and locomotion. It permits four types of movements: dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion. The muscles that control these movements are generally found in the lower leg and can be categorised into anterior, posterior, and lateral compartments.
The tibialis posterior muscle is located in the posterior compartment of the leg. During the transition from eversion to inversion, the tibialis posterior muscle is stretched, storing potential energy. As the foot moves from midstance to the propulsion phase, this stored energy is released, causing abduction and dorsiflexion of the caput tali, leading to eversion of the hindquarter.
The tibialis posterior muscle also plays a role in raising the medial border of the arch of the foot, along with the tibialis anterior muscle. This arch is the highest and longest of all the arches and consists of two pillars: the anterior and posterior pillars. The anterior pillar is formed by the heads of the first three metatarsals, while the posterior pillar is composed of the tuberosity of the calcaneus.
Inversion injuries of the ankle are common and can result in sprains affecting the ligaments on the lateral aspect of the ankle, particularly the anterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament. Excessive subtalar inversion or eversion can be caused by static deformity or abnormal muscle function during development. Therefore, the tibialis posterior muscle's role in facilitating the transition from eversion to inversion is essential for maintaining ankle stability and preventing injuries.
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Frequently asked questions
The muscles involved in eversion of the foot are the fibularis brevis, fibularis longus, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and peroneus tertius.
Eversion is the tilting of the sole of the foot away from the midline.
The opposite of eversion is inversion, which is the tilting of the sole of the foot inwards towards the midline.
