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The frontalis muscle is a muscle of facial expression located at the scalp. It is the only muscle that raises the eyebrows and plays a significant role in our day-to-day social interactions. It originates from the galea aponeurotica and generally inserts at the eyebrow dermis and skin around the eyebrows and nose. The frontalis muscle is part of the occipitofrontalis muscle, which is made up of two muscle bellies connected by the galea aponeurotica. It has no bony attachments and instead attaches to the muscles surrounding it.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Function | The frontalis muscle is the only muscle that raises the eyebrows. It also wrinkles the forehead and pulls the scalp anteriorly. |
| Structure | The frontalis muscle is part of the occipitofrontalis muscle or epicranius. |
| Attachments | The frontalis muscle has no bony attachments. It attaches to the muscles surrounding it, including the procerus, corrugator supercilii, and orbicularis oculi muscles. |
| Insertion | The frontalis muscle inserts at the eyebrow dermis and the skin around the eyebrows and nose. |
| Innervation | The frontalis muscle is innervated by the temporal branches of the facial nerve (CN VII). |
| Blood Supply | The frontalis muscle receives blood from the supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries. |
| Location | The frontalis muscle is located on the front of the head, covering parts of the forehead. |
| Appearance | The frontalis muscle is thin and quadrilateral in shape. It is broader than the occipitalis muscle, with longer and paler fibers. |
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What You'll Learn
The frontalis muscle is the only muscle that raises the eyebrows
The primary function of the frontalis muscle is to lift the eyebrows, especially when looking up or trying to see something distant or dim. It also wrinkles the forehead and conveys emotions and non-verbal communication through facial expressions. The frontalis muscle opposes the orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle, which surrounds the eye and pulls the eyebrows down.
The corrugator supercilii and procerus muscles also contribute to pulling the eyebrows down, creating a tug-of-war effect across the forehead. Injecting neuromodulators like Botox into the forehead requires a detailed understanding of this muscle balance to avoid undesired effects like brow droop or an unnatural appearance. Injecting the frontalis muscle with neuromodulators weakens its lifting action, smoothing out horizontal lines on the forehead. However, over-injecting can lead to brow ptosis or droop as the muscle can no longer counterbalance the downward pull of the other muscles.
The frontalis muscle is innervated by the temporal branches of the facial nerve and receives blood from the supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries. It blends with adjacent muscles like the procerus, corrugator supercilii, and orbicularis oculi anteriorly and joins the epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica) posteriorly. The balance between these muscles determines the eyebrow position and shape.
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It is part of the occipitofrontalis muscle
The frontalis muscle is part of the occipitofrontalis muscle, which is a long and wide muscle of the scalp that spans from the eyebrows to the superior nuchal lines of occipital bones. The occipitofrontalis muscle is made up of two muscle bellies: the frontal belly (frontalis) and the occipital belly. These two bellies are connected by a thick fibrous sheath called the epicranial aponeurosis (or galea aponeurotica), onto which both of them attach.
The frontalis muscle is the only muscle that raises the eyebrows. Its function goes beyond simply keeping the brows out of one's visual field; it is also necessary for conveying emotions and nonverbal communication. The frontalis muscle is made up of vertical striations in a fan-like distribution. Clinically, the muscle is sometimes divided into medial, intermediate, and lateral fibres, although no anatomical or histological distinctions exist.
The frontalis muscle is located on the front of the head. It adheres to the superficial fascia of the eyebrows and blends with adjacent muscles (procerus, corrugator supercilii, and orbicularis oculi) anteriorly, while it ascends to join the epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica) posteriorly. The frontalis muscle does not have any bony attachments. Its medial fibres are continuous with those of the procerus, its intermediate fibres blend with the corrugator and orbicularis oculi muscles, and its lateral fibres are also blended with the latter two muscles.
The occipitofrontalis muscle has several actions depending on which of its attachments is fixed. When its aponeurotic attachment is fixed, the frontal belly elevates the eyebrows and the skin of the forehead, producing a facial expression of shock or surprise. When its forehead attachment is fixed, the frontal belly aids the procerus, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii muscles to frown the eyebrows by pulling the scalp forwards and wrinkling the forehead.
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It has no bony attachments
The frontalis muscle is a muscle of facial expression located at the scalp. It is the only muscle that raises the eyebrows, but its function goes beyond simply keeping the brows out of one's visual field. It is also necessary for conveying emotions and nonverbal communication. For example, in Western medicine, the frontalis muscle raises the forehead in fright, shock, and surprise, and wrinkles the skin on the forehead horizontally. In Chinese medicine, raising the eyebrows and wrinkling the forehead is a sign of disturbed Shen, characterized by fire and heat rising to this part of the face.
The frontalis muscle is made up of vertical striations in a fan-like distribution. It is thin, with a quadrilateral form, and is broader than the occipitalis muscle. Its fibres are longer and paler in colour. The frontalis muscle has no bony attachments. Instead, it adheres to the muscles surrounding it. The medial continuity of the frontalis muscle is the procerus muscle, with which it interdigitates inferomedially. Inferiorly, it is continuous with the corrugator supercilii and orbicularis oculi muscles, and laterally with the orbicularis oculi and temporalis muscles. The frontalis muscle has cutaneous insertions and has a confluence at the glabella and the orbital rim.
The frontalis muscle is part of the occipitofrontalis muscle, which is made up of two muscle bellies connected by the galea aponeurotica. The galea aponeurotica is a fascia that encases the frontalis muscle and corresponds with the hairline on the surface. The frontalis muscle originates from the galea aponeurotica and inserts at the skin of the eyebrows and nose. Its fibres insert into the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue of the brows, while the superior origin is from the galea at the approximate level of the hairline. The muscle is located on the front of the head and covers parts of the forehead of the skull.
The frontalis muscle is a very dynamic structure and usually does not cover the entire forehead. It is the primary elevator of the eyebrows, and it is a long, flat muscle that runs across the anterior aspect of the frontal bone of the skull. The lower part of the frontalis muscles elevates the brows, while the upper part depresses the hairline. The bulk of the muscle is located right above the brow, and it is thinnest laterally, which represents an area of weakness and the first area to sag as we age.
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It is a muscle of facial expression
The frontalis muscle is a muscle of facial expression. It is the only muscle that raises the eyebrows, and its function goes beyond keeping the brows out of one's visual field. It is also necessary for conveying emotions and nonverbal communication. For example, in Western medicine, the frontalis muscle raises the forehead in fright, shock, and surprise, and wrinkles the skin on the forehead horizontally. In Chinese medicine, raising the eyebrows and wrinkling the forehead is a sign of disturbed Shen, characterized by fire and heat rising to this part of the face.
The frontalis muscle is part of the occipitofrontalis muscle, which is made up of two muscle bellies connected by the galea aponeurotica. The galea aponeurotica is a fibrous connective tissue that covers the upper part of the skull and attaches to the skin of the eyebrows and nose. The frontalis muscle is thin and quadrilateral in form, and it adheres to the superficial fascia of the eyebrows. It blends with adjacent muscles, including the procerus, corrugator supercilii, and orbicularis oculi muscles. The corrugator and orbicularis oculi muscles are responsible for frowning and smiling, respectively.
The frontalis muscle is a very dynamic structure and usually does not cover the entire forehead. It is located on the front of the head and is supplied by the facial nerve and receives blood from the supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries. The muscle has no bony attachments and instead attaches to the muscles surrounding it. Its medial fibres are continuous with those of the procerus muscle, and its intermediate fibres blend with the corrugator and orbicularis oculi muscles, attaching to the skin of the eyebrows. Its lateral fibres blend with the orbicularis oculi and temporalis muscles.
The frontalis muscle is the primary elevator of the eyebrows, and it is a long, flat muscle that runs across the anterior aspect of the frontal bone of the skull. It is the sole elevator of the brow, and its lower part elevates the brows, while its upper part depresses the hairline. The frontalis muscle is a very active muscle, and its movement can be easily seen through the thin layer of skin that covers it. This muscle is also responsible for pulling the scalp anteriorly and wrinkling the forehead.
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It is innervated by the temporal branches of the facial nerve
The frontalis muscle is a muscle of facial expression located at the scalp. It is the only muscle that raises the eyebrows and is responsible for non-verbal communication and emotional expression. The frontalis muscle is innervated by the temporal branches of the facial nerve (CN VII). This means that the nerve provides essential electrical input to the frontalis muscle, allowing it to contract and relax, resulting in movements such as raising the eyebrows and wrinkling the forehead.
The frontalis muscle is part of the occipitofrontalis muscle or epicranius, a larger muscle structure on the front of the head. It has no bony attachments and instead adheres to the muscles surrounding it. The frontalis muscle is thin and quadrilateral in shape, with vertical striations in a fan-like distribution. It is highly vascular, with its blood supply coming from the supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries.
The nerve supply to the forehead is clinically significant, especially in the context of evaluating patients with potential strokes. Middle cerebral artery strokes can cause facial paralysis, but they often spare the forehead because the lower motor neurons supplying the upper half of the face receive input from both hemispheres of the brain. This understanding of nerve supply helps inform the placement of tissue expanders in forehead and nasal defect repairs, which should be positioned under the frontalis muscles.
The frontalis muscle is a dynamic structure that plays a role in cosmetic procedures such as wrinkle treatment and filler injections. Its unique anatomy, including its innervation by the temporal branches of the facial nerve, must be considered to achieve optimal outcomes in these procedures. Understanding the innervation of the frontalis muscle is crucial in both medical and cosmetic applications, ensuring effective treatments and interventions involving this muscle of facial expression.
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Frequently asked questions
The frontalis muscle inserts at the skin of the eyebrows and nose.
The frontalis muscle is the primary elevator of the eyebrows. It is also responsible for wrinkling the forehead and pulling the scalp anteriorly.
The frontalis muscle is made up of vertical striations in a fan-like distribution. It is thin and quadrilateral in form, with no bony attachments.
The frontalis muscle originates from the galea aponeurotica, which corresponds with the hairline on the surface.
The frontalis muscle is used for facial expressions, such as raising the eyebrows to convey emotions and non-verbal communication.
