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The temporalis muscle is a fan-shaped muscle on each side of the head that fills the temporal fossa, superior to the zygomatic arch. It is one of the four primary muscles of mastication (chewing). The muscle originates from the temporal fossa and its associated temporal fascia, forming a tendon that inserts onto the coronoid process of the mandible. The temporalis muscle is the strongest muscle of the temporomandibular joint and is responsible for elevating and retracting the mandible.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Description | A broad, thin, fan-shaped muscle |
| Location | Side of the head, covering the temporal bone |
| Origin | Temporal lines, temporal fossa, temporal fascia |
| Insertion | Tip and medial surface of the coronoid process of the mandible |
| Function | Elevates and retracts the mandible at the temporomandibular joint, facilitating chewing |
| Innervation | Anterior and posterior deep temporal nerves (CN V3) |
| Blood Supply | Deep temporal branches of the maxillary artery and middle temporal branches of the superficial temporal artery |
| Actions | Elevates and retracts the mandible, closing the jaw |
| Uses in Surgery | Can be used in reconstructive surgery of the mouth |
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What You'll Learn
- The temporalis muscle is a fan-shaped muscle on each side of the head
- It originates from the temporal bone and inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible
- The muscle is involved in elevating and retracting the mandible at the temporomandibular joint
- It receives its blood supply from the deep temporal branches of the maxillary artery
- The temporalis muscle may be used in reconstructive surgery of the mouth
The temporalis muscle is a fan-shaped muscle on each side of the head
The temporalis muscle originates from the temporal fossa and its associated temporal fascia. The fibres of the anterior portion of the muscle run in a vertical direction, allowing for the elevation of the mandible. In contrast, the posterior component has fibres that run almost horizontally, allowing for the retraction of the mandible. The contraction of the posterior fibres of the temporalis muscle results in the backward movement of the mandible (retrusion). The contraction of its anterior fibres moves the mandible dorsocranially (elevation). Together, these actions facilitate the closing of the mouth and the approximation of the teeth.
The temporalis muscle is a broad and thin muscle, also described as a large muscle. It is one of the four primary muscles of mastication, or chewing. It is also referred to as the temporal muscle. The temporalis muscle is supplied by the deep temporal nerves, with at least six smaller branches recruiting the most muscle fibres when each has maximal leverage. The muscle receives its blood supply from the deep temporal branches of the maxillary artery and the middle temporal branches of the superficial temporal artery.
The temporalis muscle ends at two distinct terminal tendons with wider insertion sites than usually presented in textbooks. It separates into two parts that combine to act as a single structural unit. The superficial part is a large fan-shaped muscle commonly recognised as the temporalis muscle. This converges infero-medially to form the superficial tendon and the lateral boundary of the retromolar triangle. The deep part is a narrow, vertically oriented rectangular muscle that converges postero-laterally to form the deep tendon and the medial boundary of the retromolar triangle.
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It originates from the temporal bone and inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible
The temporalis muscle is a powerful muscle of the temporomandibular joint. It is a broad, thin, fan-shaped muscle that is involved in chewing or mastication. The muscle originates from the temporal bone and inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible. It is supplied by the deep temporal nerves and receives its blood supply from the deep temporal branches of the maxillary artery and middle temporal branches of the superficial temporal artery.
The temporalis muscle is divided into two functional parts: the anterior and posterior. The anterior portion runs vertically, and its contraction results in the elevation of the mandible (closing the mouth). The contraction of the anterior fibres moves the mandible dorsocranially. The posterior portion has fibres that run horizontally, and contraction of this portion results in the retrusion of the mandible. The contraction of the posterior fibres results in the backward movement of the mandible. In unison, these actions facilitate the closing of the mouth and the approximation of the teeth.
The temporalis muscle is also divided into three parts according to fibre direction: anterior (orbital or vertical fibres), middle (temporal or oblique fibres), and posterior (horizontal fibres). According to electromyographic analysis, these fibre directions are responsible for the mandible protrusion, rotation, and retraction, respectively. The unilateral contraction of the temporalis muscle plays an important role in the side-to-side movements of the jaw.
The temporalis muscle is a very broad area of attachment. It passes medial to the zygomatic arch and forms a tendon that inserts onto the coronoid process of the mandible. The insertion extends into the retromolar fossa posterior to the most distal mandibular molar. The muscle fibres converge as they descend deep to the zygomatic arch and attach to the coronoid process and ramus of the mandible.
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The muscle is involved in elevating and retracting the mandible at the temporomandibular joint
The temporalis muscle is a fan-shaped muscle that originates on the temporal bone of the skull and inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible. It is one of the muscles of mastication, which are a group of muscles responsible for the chewing movement of the mandible at the temporomandibular joint.
The temporalis muscle is the strongest muscle of the temporomandibular joint and the primary retractor of the mandible. The contraction of its posterior fibres results in the backward movement of the mandible (retrusion). In contrast, the contraction of its anterior fibres moves the mandible dorsocranially (elevation). These actions work together to facilitate the closing of the mouth and the approximation of the teeth.
The anterior portion of the temporalis muscle runs in an almost vertical direction, allowing for the elevation of the mandible. On the other hand, the posterior fibres of the muscle are oriented horizontally, enabling the retraction of the mandible. These movements are essential for chewing and grinding food, enhancing the process of eating.
In addition to its role in mastication, the temporalis muscle also contributes to side-to-side movements of the jaw. The unilateral contraction of the temporalis muscle is crucial for these lateral motions, which assist in grinding food effectively. The ability to move the mandible in multiple directions provides precision and control during chewing, ensuring efficient food processing before swallowing.
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It receives its blood supply from the deep temporal branches of the maxillary artery
The temporalis muscle is a thin, fan-shaped muscle that is located within the temporal fossa of the skull. It is a masticatory muscle that facilitates the movements of the mandible. The main function of this muscle is to produce the movements of the mandible at the temporomandibular joint and thus facilitate the act of mastication. Its anterior portion moves the mandible dorsocranially (elevation), while its posterior fibres pull the mandible posteriorly (retrusion).
The temporalis muscle receives its blood supply from the deep temporal branches of the maxillary artery. The maxillary artery is a terminal branch of the external carotid artery, which itself is a branch of the bilateral common carotid arteries. The maxillary artery originates deep to the neck of the mandible and provides blood to many structures within the head and face. It runs a superficial course lateral to the lateral pterygoid muscle and supplies blood to the maxilla and mandible, deep facial areas, cerebral dura mater (meninges), and nasal cavity.
The deep temporal arteries course between the temporalis muscle and the pericranium. The main function of this branch is to provide arterial supply to the temporalis muscle. The anterior, middle, and posterior deep temporal arteries supply blood to the temporalis muscle. The maxillary artery also provides branches that supply blood to the muscles for chewing, the roof of the mouth, the inner and middle ear, and the area near the cheekbone.
The health of the maxillary artery is important for the proper functioning of the temporalis muscle. Conditions that may affect the maxillary artery include temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis), an inflammation of the arteries, aneurysm, and pseudoaneurysm, an injured artery wall. Symptoms of these conditions may include a swollen area in front of the ear, a pulsing lump in front of the ear, double vision, pain in the temples or jaw, and pain while chewing. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a nutritious diet, and limiting alcohol and salt intake, can help to keep the maxillary artery healthy.
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The temporalis muscle may be used in reconstructive surgery of the mouth
The temporalis muscle is a powerful muscle of the temporomandibular joint. It is a fan-shaped convergent muscle on each side of the head that fills the temporal fossa, superior to the zygomatic arch. The muscle fibres converge inferiorly, forming a tendon that exits the temporal fossa, passing underneath the zygomatic arch and inserting on the coronoid process of the mandible. The temporalis muscle is the primary retractor of the mandible. The contraction of the posterior fibres of the temporalis muscle results in the backward movement of the mandible (retrusion). The contraction of its anterior fibres moves the mandible dorsocranially (elevation).
The temporalis muscle can be used in reconstructive surgery of the mouth, particularly in patients with facial nerve paralysis. The tendinous portion of the muscle is freed from its attachment to the jaw. A graft of leathery tissue (fascia lata) is then obtained from the thigh and used to bridge the free end of the muscle to the lips and corner of the mouth. When the teeth are clenched, the fascial graft transfers the force of the temporalis muscle to the corner of the mouth, creating a voluntary smile. The temporalis muscle is chosen for this procedure because its vector or angle of pull produces an upwardly oriented smile.
The temporalis muscle transfer procedure is often reserved for individuals whose age, general medical condition, or previous surgeries prevent them from undergoing more complex microsurgical procedures. The period of hospitalization for this procedure typically ranges from 24 to 72 hours. Patients are required to eat a soft diet for 4 weeks after surgery and avoid pressure on the operated side of the face. Exercise and heavy lifting are also limited.
Combining the temporalis muscle transfer with the masseter muscle transfer can produce a multidirectional smile. The masseter muscle transfer creates a more horizontal movement at the corner of the mouth. The exact technique selected is guided by a complex series of variables, including the degree of facial weakness.
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Frequently asked questions
The temporalis muscle inserts onto the coronoid process of the mandible.
The temporalis muscle is involved in the elevation and retraction of the mandible at the temporomandibular joint.
The temporalis muscle originates from the temporal fossa and its associated temporal fascia.
The temporalis muscle is a fan-shaped muscle.
The temporalis muscle receives its blood supply from the deep temporal branches of the maxillary artery and the middle temporal branches of the superficial temporal artery.
