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The human hand is a complex structure, with over 30 muscles working together to allow movement. The muscles in the forearm are responsible for starting hand movements, with only the thin tendons of these muscles found directly in the hand. There are several different types of muscles in the hand, including the thenar, hypothenar, interossei and lumbrical muscles.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of muscles in the hand | Over 30 |
| Number of muscles in the palm | 2 |
| Number of muscles between metacarpal bones | Short muscles |
| Number of dorsal interosseous muscles in each hand | 4 |
| Number of palmar interossei muscles | 3 or 4 |
| Number of lumbrical hand muscles in each hand | 4 |
| Number of hypothenar muscles in each hand | 3 |
| Number of thenar muscles in each hand | 3 |
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What You'll Learn
- There are over 30 muscles in the hand, with only the tendons of these muscles found directly in the hand
- Four dorsal interosseous muscles are found in each hand
- Palmar interossei consist of four muscles each that attach to the first, second, fourth and fifth fingers
- The thenar muscles are three short muscles in the thick area of your palm under your thumb
- The lumbrical hand muscles extend to underneath each finger
There are over 30 muscles in the hand, with only the tendons of these muscles found directly in the hand
The four muscle groups that comprise the intrinsic hand are the thenar, hypothenar, interossei and the lumbrical muscles. The thenar muscle is a collection of three muscles at the fleshy base of the thumb (first digit) on the palmar aspect that acts to exert movement about the thumb. The thenar muscles include abductor pollicis brevis (APB), flexor pollicis brevis (FBB) and opponens pollicis (OPP). They give the thumb the ability to move the way it does, as well as enable us to grasp items. The hypothenar muscle is a collection of three muscles at the fleshy base of the pinky finger (fifth digit) on the palmar aspect that acts to exert movement about the pinky. The three muscles on the side of each of your hands near the small finger are the hypothenar muscles. They enable you to move the pinky away from the ring finger, bend the pinky, and make a fist.
The palmar interossei consist of four muscles each that attach to the first, second, fourth, and fifth fingers. The third finger does not have a palmar interosseous muscle. The lumbrical hand muscles extend to underneath each finger. We use them to straighten our fingers and bend the joints. There are four in each hand.
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Four dorsal interosseous muscles are found in each hand
There are over 30 muscles in the hand, working together in a highly complex way. Four dorsal interosseous muscles are found in each hand. The palmar interossei consist of four muscles each that attach to the first, second, fourth, and fifth fingers. The third finger does not have a palmar interosseous muscle. The palmar interossei muscles are responsible for adduction of the digits, assisting in flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension at the interphalangeal joints.
The lumbrical hand muscles extend to underneath each finger. We use them to straighten our fingers and bend the joints. There are four in each hand. The thenar muscles are three short muscles in the thick area of the palm under the thumb. They give the thumb the ability to move and enable us to grasp items. The thenar muscles include abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis.
The hypothenar muscles are three muscles on the side of each hand near the small finger. They enable you to move the pinky away from the ring finger, bend the pinky, and make a fist. The hypothenar muscle is a collection of three muscles at the fleshy base of the pinky finger on the palmar aspect that acts to exert movement about the pinky.
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Palmar interossei consist of four muscles each that attach to the first, second, fourth and fifth fingers
There are over 30 muscles in the hand, working together in a highly complex way. The Palmar interossei consist of four muscles each that attach to the first, second, fourth and fifth fingers. The third finger does not have a palmar interosseous muscle. The Palmar interossei muscles originate from a medial or lateral surface of a metacarpal, and attach into the extensor hood and proximal phalanx of the same finger. They are responsible for adduction of the digits, assisting in flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension at the interphalangeal joints.
The hand also contains the thenar muscles, which are three short muscles in the thick area of the palm under the thumb. These muscles give the thumb the ability to move and enable us to grasp items. The thenar muscles include abductor pollicis brevis (APB), flexor pollicis brevis (FBB) and opponens pollicis (OPP). Thumb adduction is via the adductor pollicis muscle and is not part of the thenar eminence.
The hypothenar muscles are three muscles on the side of each hand near the small finger. They enable you to move the pinky away from the ring finger, bend the pinky, and make a fist. The lumbrical hand muscles extend to underneath each finger. We use them to straighten our fingers and bend the joints. There are four in each hand.
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The thenar muscles are three short muscles in the thick area of your palm under your thumb
There are over 30 muscles in the hand, working together in a highly complex way. The thenar muscles are three short muscles in the thick area of your palm under your thumb. These muscles give the thumb the ability to move the way it does, as well as enable us to grasp items. The thenar muscles include abductor pollicis brevis (APB), flexor pollicis brevis (FBB) and opponens pollicis (OPP).
The thenar muscles are perhaps the most recognisable muscles in the hand. They are the muscles that give the thumb its movement and allow us to grasp items. The thenar muscles are part of the four muscle groups that comprise the intrinsic hand, along with the hypothenar, interossei and lumbrical muscles. The hypothenar muscles are three muscles on the side of each hand near the small finger, which enable us to move the pinky away from the ring finger, bend the pinky and make a fist. The interossei muscles are four dorsal interosseous muscles in each hand, with palmar interossei consisting of four muscles each that attach to the first, second, fourth and fifth fingers. The lumbrical hand muscles extend to underneath each finger and are used to straighten the fingers and bend the joints.
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The lumbrical hand muscles extend to underneath each finger
There are over 30 muscles in the hand, working together in a highly complex way. The lumbrical hand muscles are four small, worm-like muscles on each hand that extend to underneath each finger. They are attached to the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons proximally and the digits' extensor expansions distally. They flex the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and extend the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints.
The lumbricals are important for gripping objects, typing, and performing various dexterous hand movements. They are numbered 1-4 from the most radial/lateral to the most ulnar/medial. Each lumbrical muscle originates from one or two adjacent tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle. Lumbricals 1-2 are usually unipennate, meaning their fibres arise obliquely from one tendon, while lumbricals 3-4 are bipennate, arising from two adjacent tendons.
The lumbricals are deep muscles that do not attach to bone. They are the counterparts of the lumbricals of the foot, which have a similar action on the toes. When the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus detach distal to the origin points of the lumbricals, the fingers extend when trying to close the fist. This is because the lumbricals now serve as the new insertion surface of the flexor digitorum profundus.
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Frequently asked questions
There are three palmar interossei muscles, although some sources describe a fourth muscle at the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb.
The palmar interossei muscles pull our fingers together.
Yes, there are over 30 muscles in the hand, including the thenar muscles, which are three short muscles in the thick area of the palm under the thumb, and the hypothenar muscles, which are three muscles on the side of the hand near the little finger.
