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Extraocular muscle function testing examines the function of the six extraocular muscles that control the movement of the eye. The test involves moving the eyes in six to eight different directions to evaluate the proper functioning of the extraocular muscles. The test can be performed by asking the patient to sit or stand with their head up and looking straight ahead. The tester will then hold an object about 16 inches or 40 centimetres in front of the patient's face and move it in several directions, asking the patient to follow it with their eyes without moving their head.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of extraocular muscles | 6 |
| Number of directions eyes are moved in during testing | 6 or 8 |
| Distance of object from face during testing | 16 inches or 40 centimetres |
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What You'll Learn
Ocular motility exam
The ocular motility exam is a simple yet important part of the ophthalmic exam. Six extraocular muscles act to move the eye up/down, left/right and intort/excyclotort. These six muscles control the eye in a complex combination of agonist and antagonist cooperation. The actions of the eye muscles are most easily assessed by utilising the H motility pattern. Each of the six cardinal positions, along with primary gaze, is particularly useful when assessing ocular motility because each cardinal position is primarily obtained by the action of one muscle.
Extraocular muscle function testing examines the function of the eye muscles. The test involves moving the eyes in eight specific directions in space to evaluate the proper functioning of the extraocular muscles of the eyes. The patient is asked to sit or stand with their head up and looking straight ahead. The provider will hold a pen or other object about 16 inches or 40 centimetres in front of the patient's face. The provider will then move the object in several directions and ask the patient to follow it with their eyes, without moving their head. A test called a cover/uncover test may also be done. The patient will look at a distant object and the person doing the test will cover one eye, then after a few seconds, uncover it.
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Moving the eyes in eight different directions
The ocular motility exam is a simple but important part of the ophthalmic exam. Six extraocular muscles act to move the eye up, down, left, right, and intort and extort. These six muscles control the eye in a complex combination of agonist and antagonist cooperation. The actions of the eye muscles are most easily assessed by utilising the H motility pattern.
The test involves moving the eyes in eight different directions to evaluate the proper functioning of the extraocular muscles of the eyes. You are asked to sit or stand with your head up and looking straight ahead. Your provider will hold a pen or other object about 16 inches or 40 centimetres in front of your face. The provider will then move the object in several directions and ask you to follow it with your eyes, without moving your head.
A test called a cover/uncover test may also be done. You will look at a distant object and the person doing the test will cover one eye, then after a few seconds, uncover it.
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Moving the eyes in six different directions
The ocular motility exam is a simple yet important part of the ophthalmic exam. Six extraocular muscles act to move the eye up/down, left/right and intort/excyclotort. These six muscles control the eye in a complex combination of agonist and antagonist cooperation. The actions of the eye muscles are most easily assessed by utilising the H motility pattern. Each of the six cardinal positions, along with primary gaze, is particularly useful when assessing ocular motility because each cardinal position is primarily obtained by the action of one muscle.
The extraocular muscle function test is performed to evaluate any weakness, or other defect in the extraocular muscles which results in uncontrolled eye movements. The test involves moving the eyes in six different directions in space to evaluate the proper functioning of the extraocular muscles of the eyes. The test involves sitting or standing with your head up and looking straight ahead. The tester will hold a pen or other object about 16 inches or 40 centimetres in front of your face. The tester will then move the object in several directions and ask you to follow it with your eyes, without moving your head.
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Cover/uncover test
The cover/uncover test is one of several tests that can be used to assess the function of the extraocular muscles. The test involves the patient looking at a distant object while the person conducting the test covers one eye, then uncovers it after a few seconds. The test can be used to evaluate any weakness or other defect in the extraocular muscles which results in uncontrolled eye movements.
The extraocular muscles are the six muscles that act to move the eye up/down, left/right and intort/excyclotort. These six muscles control the eye in a complex combination of agonist and antagonist cooperation. The actions of the eye muscles are most easily assessed by utilising the H motility pattern. The six cardinal positions along with primary gaze are particularly useful when assessing ocular motility because each cardinal position is primarily obtained by the action of one muscle.
The ocular motility exam can be a simple yet profoundly important part of the ophthalmic exam. The eye is moved in eight specific directions to evaluate the proper functioning of the extraocular muscles. The patient is asked to sit or stand with their head up and looking straight ahead. The examiner will hold a pen or other object about 16 inches or 40 centimetres in front of the patient's face. The examiner will then move the object in several directions and ask the patient to follow it with their eyes, without moving their head.
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H motility pattern
The H motility pattern is the most straightforward way to assess the actions of the eye muscles. The six cardinal positions, along with primary gaze, are particularly useful when assessing ocular motility because each cardinal position is primarily obtained by the action of one muscle.
The six extraocular muscles act to move the eye up, down, left, right, and intort and extort. These six muscles control the eye in a complex combination of agonist and antagonist cooperation. The extraocular muscles have the densest ratio of motor neurons to muscle fibres of any muscle in the body, thus facilitating the tremendously fine motor control and impeccable alignment of the eyes.
The H motility pattern is used in the ocular motility exam, which is a simple yet important part of the ophthalmic exam. During the exam, the patient is asked to sit or stand with their head up and looking straight ahead. The examiner will hold a pen or other object about 16 inches or 40 centimetres in front of the patient's face. The examiner will then move the object in several directions and ask the patient to follow it with their eyes, without moving their head.
The H motility pattern is useful because it allows the examiner to evaluate the proper functioning of the extraocular muscles of the eyes. The test can be used to identify any weakness or other defect in the extraocular muscles which results in uncontrolled eye movements.
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Frequently asked questions
To evaluate any weakness or other defects in the extraocular muscles which may result in uncontrolled eye movements.
Six or eight, depending on the source.
The extraocular muscles.
An ocular motility exam.
